Volcanoes and History
Cascade Range Volcanoes - "Volcanoes and History"

Cascade Range Volcanoes
Historical Maps


Please Note: This collection of Historical Maps (and a few select journals) is by no means complete and there are NO MAPS to be seen here. This list is designed simply to be a reference point for students of history to begin to look for "historical" maps which depict the Cascade Range Volcanoes. This list is arranged in "timeline" form. Volcano names, spelling, elevations, and occasional interesting tidbits are given. To look directly at any map, please use any search engine and search for the particular map collection referenced.
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1790

Quimper: Map of the "Northwest Coast of North America -- Strait of Juan de Fuca" -- Plano del Estrecho de Fuca reconocido por el Alferez de Navio de la Rl. Armada Dn. Manuel Quimper: en la Espedici?n que hizo con la Balandra de S.M. de su mando nobrada la Princesa Rl. en el a?o de 1790 (1790) -- the map identifies coastal features in Spanish along the Straits of Juan de Fuca including the Canal de Lopez de Haro
-- map source: "Early Washington Maps: A Digital Collection" Website, 2007, Washington State University and the University of Washington, Map#UW152.

  • The Spanish were the first to record Mount Baker's existence although they, quite possibly, were not the first whites to see the mountain. In 1790, Ensign Manuel Quimper of the Spanish Navy set sail from Nootka, a temporary settlement on Vancouver Island, with orders to explore the newly discovered Strait of Juan de Fuca. Accompanying Quimper was first-pilot Gonzalo Lopez de Haro who drew detailed charts during the six-week expedition. Although Quimper's written journal of the voyage makes no reference to the mountain, one of Haro's manuscript charts includes a sketch of a prominent peak in the area of Mount Baker. -- excerpt courtesy U.S. National Park Service, North Cascades National Park Website, 2002

  • "La gran montana del Carmelo" (Mount Baker)
  • "Sierras nevadas de S. Antonio" (Cascade Range)

  • Section of Map detail, Mount Baker of Quimper, click to enlarge Detail section of Quimper's Map showing today's Mount Baker ("La gran montana del Carmelo"). From: University of Washington Library Archives #UW152.

  • Section of Map detail, Cascade Range, click to enlarge Detail section of Quimper's Map the Cascade Range ("Sierras nevadas de S. Antonio"). From: University of Washington Library Archives #UW152.



1792

Naming of Mount Baker, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Hood: British Captain George Vancouver and the H.M.S. Discovery surveying the Northern Pacific Coast from 1792 to 1794,
  • Mount Baker -- Named for Joseph Baker, third lieutenant to the British navigator George Vancouver, who on April 30, 1792, became the first Englishman to view the mountain.
  • Mount Rainier -- Named after then Rear Admiral Peter Rainier, R.N. in 1792 by Captain George Vancouver.
  • Mount St. Helens -- Named for British diplomat Alleyne Fitzherbert, whose title was Baron St. Helens.
  • Mount Hood -- Named after a British admiral and first described in 1792 by William Broughton, member of an expedition under command of Captain George Vancouver (Broughton, 1929).


1798

George Vancouver: Map of Vancouver, 1798, by George Vancouver, H.J. Toudy & Co. Shows topography of the Pacific Northwest including part of Vancouver Island and northwestern Oregon Country. Identifies Canal de Arro involved in the disputed boundary between Great Britain and the United States "H. J. Toudy & Co. Lith."
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"

George Vancouver: A Chart showing part of the coast of N.W. America, with the tracks of His Majesty's sloop Discovery and armed tender Chatham; Commanded by George Vancouver Esq., and prepared under his immediate inspection by Lieu. Joseph Baker, in which the Continental Shore has been traced and determined from Lat:46.30N., and Long.236.12E. to Lat:52.15N and Long.232.40E., at the different periods shown by the Tracks The parts not shaded are taken from Spanish Authorities. Published May 1st, 1798 by J. Edwards Pall Mall & G. Robinson Paternoster Row.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002
  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"

  • Mount Rainier and Admiralty Inlet, 1792, click to enlarge Mount Rainier, from the south part of Admiralty Bay. From a sketch taken on the spot by J. Sykes, 1792. Published May 1st, 1798, by J. Edwards Pall Mall & G. Robinson Paternoster Row. From: University of Washington Library Archives #NA3985.




1802, 1811, 1814

Arrowsmith: A map exhibiting all the new discoveries in the interior parts of North America : inscribed by permission to the honourable governor and company of adventurers of England trading into Hudsons Bay in testimony of their liberal communications to their most obedient and very humble servant A. Arrowsmith, January 1st 1795. Additions to 1802. Additions to 1811. Additions to 1814.
-- maps courtesy American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002, and David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"



1803(?)

King: Lewis and Clark carried this map. Annotations in brown ink by Meriwether Lewis. Tracing showing the Mississippi, the Missouri for a short distance above Kansas, Lakes Michigan, Superior, and Winnipeg, and the country onwards to the Pacific. Pen and ink. Created by Nicholas King.
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "River Oregan" (Columbia River)

1805

Lewis and Clark: A map of part of the continent of North America: between the 35th and 51st degrees of north latitude, and extending from 890 degrees of west longitude to the Pacific Ocean -- compiled from the authorities of the best informed travellers by M. Lewis; copied by Nicholas King, 1805. Note from map folder: Map was copied from a sketch by William Clark, not one by Meriwether Lewis as indicated in the title. This scomposite map was prepared by Nicholas King, at the request of Thomas Jefferson and Albert Gallatin, secretary of the treasury. It represents the geographical knowledge of the trans-Mississippi West available to government officials on the eve of the expedition. It is believed that Lewis and Clark carried this map at least as far as the Mandan-Hidatsa village in present day North Dakota, where Lewis added additional information obtained from fur traders and Native Americans.
-- map and information courtesy American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. Helens" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • the Cascade Range is not named but "shadowed" in and ends at "Mt. Hood"
  • "Columbia River"

1806

Naming of Mount Jefferson: Lewis and Clark Expedition. 1806.
  • Lewis and Clark named Mount Jefferson, March 30, 1806. They first spotted the peak while near the mouth of the Willamette River and today's Vancouver, Washington.

1814

Lewis & Clark (Biddle/Allen): A Map of Lewis and Clark's Track Across the Western Portion of North America, From the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, By Order of the Executive of the United States in 1804, 5 & 6. Copied by Samuel Lewis from the Original Drawing of Wm. Clark. Publication Date: 1814, Publisher: London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown Though the Lewis and Clark expedition occurred during the years 1804 to 1806, Clark's journal was not published until 1814. This map comes from the first British printing of that journal, occurring in that same year, 1814. [via the Library of Congress Website: A map of Lewis and Clark's track, across the western portion of North America from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean: by order of the executive of the United States in 1804, 5 & 6 / copied by Samuel Lewis from the original drawing of Wm. Clark ; Saml. Harrison, fct. Created/Published: Philadelphia: Bradford and Inskeep, 1814, From Lewis, Meriwether, History of the expedition under the command of Captains Lewis and Clark, 1814.]
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002, and American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • Captain Lewis was supposed to have edited the journals for publication, but he met with an untimely death, probably by murder, while traveling through Tennessee in 1809. The task then fell to Clark, who asked the Philadelphia lawyer Nicholas Biddle, to complete the job. Biddle agreed, but soon passed the work on to Paul Allen, a Philadelphia journalist. The journals were finally edited and made ready for publication in 1812, but were not published until February 20, 1814. Originally, an edition of 2,000 was to be printed, but when missing copies were tallied and defective copies weeded out, only 1,417 remained. These sold at six dollars a copy. The Biddle-Allen revision of the Lewis and Clark journals left intact the raw quality of diaries written in the wilderness, retaining their sense of danger and high adventure. -- Excerpt from: Treasures of the University of Delaware Library

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Regniere" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Columbia River"
  • "Lewis's River" (Snake River)



1814

Mathew Carey: Missouri territory formerly Louisiana, by Mathew Carey, Created/Published 1814
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "M. Baker" (Mount Baker)
  • "Mt. Reiner" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Riget's Spund" (Puget Sound)
  • "M. St. Helens" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • Cascade Range shadowed in but not labeled
  • "Oregon or Columbia R." (Columbia River)



1823

Tanner: (Composite of) A Map of North America, Constructed According To The Latest Information: by H.S. Tanner, 1822, Engraved & Published by H.S. Tanner, Philadelphia, 1822, Printed by Wm Duffee, American Atlas, Published, 1823.
-- map source: David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Regniere" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"



1823

Wyld: Map of North America from 20 to 80 Degrees north Latitude, Exhibiting The recent Discoveries, Geographical and Nautical; Drawn chiefly from the Authorites of M. De Humboldt, Lieutt. Pike, Messrs. Lewis and Clarke, Sir Alexr. MacKenzie, Mr. Hearne, Coll. Bouchette, Captns. Vancouver, Ross, Parry & Franklin, also describing the Boundary Lines between the Territories of Great Britain & Spain with the United States. London, Published by Jas. Wyld, (successor to W. Faden) ... Geographer to His Majesty; and to H.R.H. the Duke Of York, June 1st 1823.
-- map source: David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"



1826

Warren: U.S. Pacific R.R., Exp. & Surveys, Reduced Section of Map of North America, Including all the Recent Geographical Discoveries, 1826. Lt. Warrens Memoir Plate III. Litho. of J. Bien, New York.
-- map source: Central Pacific Railroad Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • Cascade Range is shaded in



1827

Vandermaelen: Partie des Etats-Unis, No.38, 1827, by Phillippe Marie Guillaume Vandermaelen. The map identifies forts, rivers, and mountains. Indian tribes and populations are identified. It includes notes and dates from the routes of several exploratory expeditions, including Lewis & Clark. It also includes general notes about the areas on the map. This map was removed from the author's Atlas Universel. When published, this was the first world atlas to be published on a uniform scale. This atlas was also the first to be made completely by lithography, using new techniques developed specificaly for this atlas.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helene" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Hood -- "Les Monts Hood et Jefferson sont constamment couverts de neige." (The Mounts Hood and Jefferson are constantly covered in snow). "Quicksand R." (Sandy River) drains from "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"



1827

Naming of Mount Shasta: Peter Skene Ogden, chief trader with the Hudson's Bay Company, is given credit for naming Mount Shasta on February 14, 1827. Ogden's 1827 journal was copied by Miss Agnes C. Laut in 1905 from the original in Hudson's Bay Company House, London England, and was published in the "Oregon Historical Quarterly" in 1910. Later scholars have shown that Ogden was looking at Mount McLoughlin and not Mount Shasta, and Ogden's "Sastise River" is today's Rogue River.
-- Information courtesy Library of Western Fur Trade Historical Source Documents website, June 2001, "Peter Skene Ogden's Snake Country Journals", and The College of the Siskiyous "Mount Shasta Collection" website, 2009.
  • "Mt. Sastise" (Mount Shasta) -- Ogden noted in his journal on February 14, 1827: "I have named this river Sastise River. There is a mountain equal in height to Mount Hood or Vancouver; I have named Mt. Sastise. I have given these names, from the tribes of the Indians."




1832

Tanner: United States of America, by H.S. Tanner, 1832, 4th. ed, Henry Tanner, 1832, Philadelphia, Engraved by H.S. Tanner, assisted by E.B. Dawson, W. Allen & J. Knight." With 16 inset maps: along left margin; Albany, Boston, New York, Environs of Philadelphia and Trenton, Environs of Baltimore and Washington, Cincinnati, Charleston, New Orleans, in center; Oregon and Mandan Districts, along right margin; Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, South part of Florida, and profiles, and statistical tables. Title cartouche engraved by J.W. Steel. Shows county seats, canals, railroads, and roads.
-- map source: University of Connecticut's MAGIC Historical Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Rainer" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"



1833

Illman & Pilbrow: Oregon Territory, 1833. by Illman & Pilbrow.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • Cascade Range shaded in beginning south of "Mt. Baker", ends north of "Mt. Hood" but crosses the "Columbia or Oregon R." (Columbia River). Range is shaded in again just north of "Mt. Hood" and continues south.
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "New Albion" -- south of the "Boundary by treaty with Spain, 1819"



1834

Arrowsmith: British North America, by Permission Dedicated to The Hon. Hudsons Bay Company, "Containing the latest information which their documents furnish", by their Obedient Servant, J. Arrowsmith. (segment of map only online)
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. Helens" (map print too small online to read correctly, but do not believe there was the "St." in there)
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Vancouver" (Mount Jefferson)
  • "Mt. McLoughlin" (Three Sisters ?) -- not today's Mount McLoughlin, this one more in the vicinity of Three Sisters.
  • "Mt. Umpqua" (Diamond Peak ?) -- map print too small online to read correctly but appears to be "Mt. Umpqua". Located in the vicinity of Diamond Peak.
  • "Mt. Shasty" (Mount Thielsen ?) -- in the vicinity of Mount Thielsen (?), north and west of "Clamet L." (Klamath Lake)
  • today's Mount Shasta is on the map, but not named



1834

Walker: British North America, 1934, by J. & C. Walker, Published: Longdon, Baldwin & Cradock.
-- map source: Washington State Secretary of State Website, 2007

  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens" -- 4,800 feet
  • "Mt. Hood" -- 5,300 feet
  • "R. Columbia or Oregon" (Columbia River)



1835

Burr: Oregon Territory, Illman & Pilbrow, 1833, Published by David H. Burr, 1835. Publication: A New Universal Atlas; Comprising Separate Maps of all the Principal Empires, Kingdomes & Staets Throughout the World; and forming a distince Atlas Of The United States. Carefully Compiled from the best Authorities Extant by David H. Burr. Published by D.S. Stone, N. York. Printed by Cammeyer & Clark, N.Y.
-- map source: David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"



1836

Gallatin: Map of the Indian tribes of North America, about 1600 A.D. along the Atlantic, & about 1800 A.D. westwardly, published by the Amer. Antiq. Soc. from a drawing by Hon. A. Gallatin. Published by "The Society", 1836. American Antiquarian Society. Transactions and collections. Vol. 2, 1836, fol. p. 264. Hand colored to show the location of Indian tribes and 11 linguistic families.
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Regnier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Simpson" (Mount Shasta)
  • "Roger's Peak" (Lassen Peak)



1836

Tanner: North America, 1836, by H.S. Tanner, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Publisehd by H.S. Tanner, Tanner's Universal Atlas, 1836.
-- map source: David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Simpson" (Mount Shasta)
  • "Rogers Peak" (Lassen Peak)



1838

Samuel Parker: Map of Oregon Territory by Samuel Parker, 1838. See listing below from College of the Siskiyous Map Collection.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood" -- (note, "Quicksand R." drains "Mt. Hood" (Sandy River))
  • "Mt. Vancouver" (Mount Jefferson)
  • "Mt. McLoughlin" -- in the vicinity of the Three Sisters
  • "Mt. Shasty" -- in the vicinity of today's Mount McLoughlin
  • today's Mount Shasta is depicted but not named



1838

Washington Hood: Map of the United States Territory of Oregon, West of the Rocky Mountains, "Exhibiting the various Trading depots or Forts occupied by the British Hudson Bay Company connected with the Western and northwestern Fur Trade", 1938, by Washington Hood
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Volcanic M." -- north of the Columbia, east of the John Day River, where the Columbia turns north, there is a peak shaded in at that bend in the river. Right below "Volcanic M" are the words "Great L.", cannot tell if they are suppose to go together or not.
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • ??? -- at this point another good sized peak is shaded in
  • "Mt. Vancouver" (Mount Jefferson)
  • "Mt.McLaughlin" -- south of "Mt. Vancouver" and west of the "Chutes or Falls R.", this is not the current Mount McLoughlin, closer in the vicinity of the Three Sisters.
  • ??? -- at this point another peak is shaded in on the line of the Cacades
  • "Mt. Shasty" -- not today's Mount Shasta. Located in the vicinity of Mount Thielsen or Diamond Peak.
  • "Pit Mountain" -- north of the "Pit River", in the vicinity of today's Mount Shasta.



1839

Burr: Map of the United States of North America with parts of the adjacent countries; by David H. Burr (late topographer to the Post Office,) Geographer to the House of Representatives of the U.S., Published: London, 1839.
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mount Regnier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helen" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Mc. Laughlin" (???)
  • "Rogers Peak" (Lassen Peak) -- location puts "Roger's Peak" south of the "Pitt R.". Mount Shasta is north of the "Pitt R." (Sacramento River)
  • "Mount Joseph" -- range south of and including "Rogers Peak"



1839

Hall J. Kelley: Territory of Oregon and High California, by Hall J. Kelley, 1839
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Washington" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Adams (Mount Hood)
  • "Mt. Jefferson (Mount Jefferson)
  • "Mt. Madison" (Three Sisters)
  • "Mt. Monroe" (Diamond Peak)
  • "Mt. J. Q. Adams" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Jackson" (Mount Shasta)



1840

Greenhow - Burr: The North-West-Coast of North America and Adjacent Territories, Compiled from the best authorities under the direction of Robert Greenhow to accompany his Memoir on the Northwest Coast Published by order of the Senate of the United States, drawn by David H. Burr, Lithog. S.D. Longtree.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. S. Helens" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Madison" (???) -- approximately the Mount Thielsen region
  • "Mt. Jackson" (Mount Shasta)
  • "Snowy Mountains" (Sierra Nevadas)



1841

Charles Wilkes: Map of the Oregon Territory. Publication date: 1841. In 1836, Congress approved the sum of $300,000 for a purely scientific exploratory expedition. The expedition, headed by Charles Wilkes, left in 1838 and returned in 1842. The scientific expedition visited at least cursorily most every non-civilised coastal area in the world, including the Pacific Northwest in 1841. A large number of Puget Sound names which are still in use today were provided by Wilkes' expedition, Commencement Bay (where he started his charting of the sound) and Elliott Bay among them.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Mc. Laughlin" -- closer to the vicinity of Three Sisters or Diamond Peak



Charles Wilkes: Map of Upper California by the U.S. Ex. Ex. and Best Authorities. The Expedition, 1841. From his Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition, Philadelphia, Lea & Blanchard, 1845. This is one of the maps resulting from the Navy Exploring Expedition of 1838-1842 commanded by Commodore Charles Wilkes (1798-1877).
-- map source: University of Arizona Online Map Collection, 2002
  • "Mt. Shasta" -- online image difficult to read as to how this "Shasta" is spelled
  • "Mt. St. Joseph" (Lassen Peak)



1844

Duflot de Mofras: "Carte De La Cote De L'Amerique Sur L'Ocean Pacifique Septentrional Le Territoire De L'Oregon, Les Californies, ...", Publisher: Paris, Arthus Bertrand, Atlas Map, by Eugene Duflot de Mofras, 1844.
-- map source: David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. Ste. Héléne" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • Prominent unnamed peak depicted between Mount Hood and "Mt. Vancouver"
  • "Mt. Vancouver" (Mount Jefferson)
  • "Mt. Mac Laughlin" -- in the vicinity of the Three Sisters
  • "Mt. Umpqua" -- in the vicinity of Diamond Peak (???), head of the "Riv. Umpqua"
  • "Mont Siscayou" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mont Sasté" (Mount Shasta)



1844

Greenhow: Map of the western and middle portions of North American to illustrate the history of Oregon and California, and the other countries on the north-west coast by Robert Greenhow, (1844)
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • Fairly prominent unnamed peak depicted, approximately the Diamond Peak region
  • Two more prominent peaks depicted, north of "Klamet L." one of which has the name "Mt. Shasty"
  • "Mt. Shasty" -- north of "Klamet L."
  • "Mt. Jackson" (Mount Shasta)



1844

Lee and Frost: 1844 Map of Oregon, from D.Lee and J.H. Frost in Ten Years In Oregon
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt.St.Helen" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Vancouver" --- a peak north of the "Walamet R.", west of the "Chutes River", and south of "Mt.Hood", Mount Jefferson (???)
  • "Mt.Mc.Laughlin" --- in Oregon, just south of the "Walamet R."
  • "Mt.Shasty" --- in Oregon, just south of the "Walamet R.", south of "Mt.Mc.Laughlin"
  • "Cowalitz R." (Cowlitz River)
  • "Quicksand R." (Sandy River, Mount Hood)



1844

Charles Wilkes: Map of the Oregon Territory, United States Exploring Expedition, Charles Wilkes, 1844, James Wyld Publisher, London. "Map of the Oregon Territory by the U.S. Ex. Ex. Charles Wilkes, Esqr. Commander, 1841. Re-Published by James Wyld ... London, 1844."
-- map source: David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • Mount Hood depicted but not named
  • "Mt. Mc. Laughlin" -- in the vicinity of Mount Thielson or Crater Lake



1845

Charles Wilkes: Map of Wilkes, 1845. Publication date: 1873, H.J. Toudy & Co. Lith.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • Mount Baker appears to be depicted (just at edge of map) but not named.
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Toutle R."



ca. 1845

Farnham: Map of the Californias, by T.J. Farnham, ca.1845
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mount Jackson" (Mount Shasta)
  • "Volcano" (Sutter Buttes ???)



1845

Fremont: Map of an exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the year 1842 and to Oregon & north California in the years 1843-44 / by Brevet Capt. J.C. Fr?mont of the Corps of Topographical Engineers under the orders of Col. J.J. Abert, Chief of the Topographical Bureau ; lith. by E. Weber Co., Baltimore, Md., 1845
-- map source: U.S. Library of Congress American Memories Archives, 2003

  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • Two smaller peaks (Three-Fingered Jack and Mount Washington) depicted but not named between Mount Jefferson and the Three Sisters
  • Three Sisters depicted but not named
  • Four more peaks depicted in the vicinity of Klamath Lake

  • Section of Map, Volcanoes of J.C. Fremont, 1843-1844, click to enlarge Section of Fremont's Map showing the Columbia River and the Cascade Range. Volcanoes named are Mount St. Helens, Mount Hood, and Mount Jefferson.
  • Section of Map, Volcanoes of J.C. Fremont, 1843-1844, click to enlarge Section of Fremont's Map showing four peaks around Klamath Lake, Oregon.



1846

DeSmet: Oregon Territory, 1846, by Pierre-Jean de Smet, Published 1847.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Renier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helena" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Hood"



1846 ... and 1847

Mitchell: A new map of Texas, Oregon and California, by S. Agustus Mitchell, 1846. Map of Oregon and Upper California, by S. Augustus Mitchell, Philadelphia, 1847.
-- 1846 map courtesy American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002, 1847 map courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Shaste" (Mount Shasta)



1848

DeSmet: Nouvelle carte du territoire de l'Oregon dressee par le Re. P. De Smet, de la Compagnie de Jesus 1846. Publication date: 1848, Publisher: Grand, Impr. & lith. de Ve. Van de Schelden. In French. Maps shows the locations of missions, churches, and the travels of Pierre-Jean de Smet. Father Pierre Jean De Smet came to the northwest in 1840, as a "black robe" missionary to the Flathead Indians. With them, he travelled through Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana until 1841, when he was appointed Superior of the Oregon Missions. He remained at that post until 1846, after which he returned east.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. Ste. Helene" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Hood" -- 16,000 pds.
  • "Mont. Jefferson"
  • "Chaine des Montagnes des Cascades" (Cascade Range)



1848

Fremont - Preuss: Map of Oregon And Upper California From the Surveys of John Charles Fremont And other Authorities. Drawn By Charles Preuss Under the Order of the Senate Of The United States, Washington City 1848. Lithy. by E. Weber & Co., Balto.
-- map source: David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • Three Sisters depcited but not named
  • Mount Scott or Mount Thielsen (???) peak depicted but not named
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Tsashtl" (Mount Shasta)
  • Mount Lassen depicted but not named



1848

Warre: Warre's Travels in North America, 1848. Henry Warre was sent by the British government to visit Northwest America and make notes on the area from a military point of view. At the time, America and Britain were engaged in a very unfriendly conflict as to the exact location of the American-British border. The routes of Warre's party are shown on the map here, with the red his journey out and the blue his return journey. They spent six months in the Pacific Northwest in 1845. Warre brought along his watercolors, and has provided us with a number of sketches of the area of his travels. By the time Warre and party returned to Montreal and had their reports forwarded to England, the British government had already decided to settle on the 49th parallel as the area's border.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "M. S. Helens" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Volcanic R." -- marked at spot where the Columbia turns to head north, south of it's junction with the Snake, in that "curve".



1848 ... also 1851

Ensigns & Thayer: Ornamental Map Of The United States & Mexico, Wall Map, New York, Ensign, Thayer & Co., 1851. The 1851 edition "Same as the 1848 edition, but shows different states in the western U.S. ... Blanchard's name is dropped. Date is estimated from the U.S. western states."
-- map source: David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"



1849

Colton - Bonneville: Map to Illustrate Capt Bonneville's Adventures among the Rocky Mountains. Compiled by J.H. Colton, New York. Geo. P. Putnam, 1849. Captain Benjamin Bonneville, on leave from the U.S. Army, took a four year expedition, from 1832 to 1836, into the American west. They travelled parallel to the course of the Snake and the Columbia, and though they did reach Fort Walla Walla, they never managed to reach as far as Fort Vancouver or the Willamette Valley before turning back into modern day Idaho. From there, they turned south, and headed down into California (then part of Mexico).
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Mc. Laughlin" (Diamond Peak ???) -- depicted north of the Umpqua River, is not today's Mount McLoughlin.
  • "Mt. Shaste" (Mount Shasta)
  • "Mt. St. Joseph" (Lassen Peak)



1849

Ross: Map of the Columbia to illustrate Ross's Adventures, by Alexander Ross, 1849, Published by Smith, Elder and Co. (London). "The author of this map (and the book it comes in) was a trader in the employ of John Jacob Astor's Pacific Fur Company, and took part in Astor's first expedition to the northwest to extablish the profitability of the fur trade there. The expedition departed by sea from New York City in late 1810, and arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River in March of 1811, where it built Fort Astoria. Over the years he spent in the the northwest, he travelled the length and breadth of the future state of Washington (with the notable exception of the areas west of the Cascade Mountains), and also assisted in the building of Fort Okanogan and Fort Nez Perce. He remained in the northwest until 1823, at which point he travelled to what would later become Montana, where he would remain until his death in 1856."
-- map and information courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • Mount St. Helens depicted but not named
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Far West Mountains" (Cascade Range) -- nice line of Cascade Range mountains depicted.
  • "Mt. Shasti" -- in approximate location of Mount Thielsen



1849

Charles Wilkes: Map of the Oregon Territory, from the Best Authorities, 1849 Publication date: 1849, Publishers: Philadelphia, Lee and Blanchard, 1849 From: Western America Charles Wilkes. 1849. "This map is a direct refinement of Charles Wilkes' 1841 Map of the Oregon Territory, mostly with respect to refinements and additions in the placement of mountain ranges. Terrain has been added to Vancouver Island, Mt. McLaughlin on the very southern edge of the map has been moved to a more correct location, and so forth."
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Mc. Loughlin" -- this depiction of Mount McLoughlin is in the correct spot



1849

James Wyld: Map of the gold regions of California.
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Shaste" (Mount Shasta) -- 14,390 feet
  • "Mt. St. Joseph" (Lassen Peak)



1850

Cowperthwait: A New Map of the State of California, the territories of Oregon & Utah, and the chief part of New Mexico. A hand colored map including the Oregon Territory -- comprising the area that would later split into Washington Territory in 1853. The map also includes the newly formed State of California. This map, published by Thomas Cowperthwait & Co., may be from an atlas set contracted to him by S. Augustus Mitchell. Cowperthwait began publishing Mitchell's New Universal Atlas in 1850, printing the atlas until 1856. (At that time it was taken over by another well-known mapmaker, Charles DeSilver.) Cowperthwait continued to use Mitchell maps in various forms well into the 1880s. Publication date: 1850, Publisher: Pennsylvania, Thomas Cowperthwait & Co.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Mc. Laughlin" -- this is not today's Mount McLoughlin. Approximately in the vicinity of the Three Sisters or Diamond Peak
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shasta"



1852

Biedermann - Meyer's Hand Atlas: A New Map of the State of California, the territories of Oregon & Utah: compiled after the best authorities, 1852. A hand colored map including the Oregon Territory -- comprising the area that would later split into Washington Territory in 1853. The map also includes the recently formed State of California. This map is numbered 144 from Joseph Meyer's "Meyer's Hand Atlas", published by the Bilbiographic Institution of Hildburghausen (Germany). Publication date: 1852, Publisher: Hildburghausen - The Bibliographic Institution
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Mc. Laughlin" -- this is not today's Mount McLoughlin. Approximately in the vicinity of the Three Sisters or Diamond Peak
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shasta"



1852

Colton - Horn: Colton Map for Horn's Overland Guide to California and Oregon, 1852. Section only online.
-- map source: Central Pacific Railroad Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Shaste" (Mount Shasta)
  • "Mt. St. Joseph" (Lassen Peak)



1853 - 1854

Pacific Railroad Surveys:
-- information courtesy Smithsonian Institution Website, Museum of Natural History, 2002

  • By the middle of the 19th century, the United States spanned the entire width of the North American continent from Atlantic to Pacific, but the only ways to get from one coast to the other were by ship or by arduous horse or wagon travel through deserts and mountains. The discovery of gold in California further stimulated westward traffic and only heightened the need for a faster and more convenient way to bring the far-flung parts of the country together. In 1853 Congress commissioned the Army's Topographic Bureau to conduct a series of surveys to find a suitable route for a transcontinental railroad.

  • There were six major expeditions; five of them covered the area between the Great Plains and California, Oregon, and Washington, and the sixth explored the coastal states of California and Oregon. All of these expeditions were accompanied by naturalists and were provided, through the Smithsonian, with equipment and instructions for collecting.

  • The northern survey, commanded by Isaac I. Stevens, governor of Washington Territory, explored roughly along the 47th parallel between St. Paul, MN and Puget Sound on the Pacific coast. J.G. Cooper, G. Gibbs, and George Suckley served as naturalists.

  • Another expedition, under the command of Capt. J. W. Gunnison, surveyed a central route along the 38th, 39th, and 41st parallels, through what is now Kansas, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada. On 26 October 1853, Gunnison and a party of his men, including the botanist F. Kreutzfeldt, were killed in a skirmish with Indians. Lt. E. G. Beckwith took over command and completed the expedition.

  • The third expedition, under the command of Lt. A. W. Whipple, followed the 35th parallel from Fort Smith, AR to the Mojave Desert in southern California. Naturalists included J.M. Bigelow, J. Marcou, and Caleb Kennerly.

  • The southern route followed the 32nd parallel and was covered by two expeditions: one under J. Pope went from the Red River to the Rio Grande, and the other, under Lt. J. G. Parke, worked between the Rio Grande and the Colorado River. Although the Pope expedition had no one formally assigned as a naturalist, collections were made by expedition personnel. Parke's expedition was accompanied by the naturalist A.L. Heerman, who later assisted R.S. Williamson, whose party explored a connecting route between 35th and 32nd parallels.

  • Another expedition under the command of R.S. Williamson and H.L. Abbott surveyed the area between the Sacramento Valley in California and the Columbia River, Oregon. Natural history collections were made by John S. Newberry and William P. Trowbridge. The route that was finally selected for the railroad largely followed the 38th parallel, but the decision was mainly political.



1853

Naming of Mount Adams: Pacific Railroad Expedition Map, 1853 [See Pacific Railroad Surveys (1853-1854) above]
-- information courtesy Klickitat County Public Utility District Website, 2002
  • Both Mount St. Helens and Mount Hood got their "English" names long before Mount Adams, whose name survives from an 1839 scheme by Hall J. Kelly to make the Cascades the "Presidential Range". Kelly was inspired by Lewis and Clark's naming of Mount Jefferson in Oregon after the president who supported their journey across the continent. Kelly, however, intended the name "Mount Adams" to go to Mount Hood -- he left the mountain in Washington out of the plan entirely. However, the person who mapped the mountains with the Pacific Railroad Expedition mixed up Kelly's names, and while he was at it he put the name Mount Adams 40 miles in the wrong direction -- where there just happened to be a mountain ready to bear the name. The Native Americans, of course, knew it was there all along -- they called the mountain Pahtoe. "Mount Adams" stuck firmly after 1853, when the Pacific Railroad Expedition put the name on their map.




1853

Colton: Washington and Oregon, 1853, by J.H. Colton & Co.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • Glacier Peak depicted but not named
  • "Mt. Rainer" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)



1853

Cowperthwait: A New Map of the State of California, the territories of Oregon, Washington, Utah, & New Mexico. Publication date: 1853, Publisher: Pennsylvania, Thomas Cowperthwait & Co.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Mc. Laughlin" -- this is not today's Mount McLoughlin. Approximately in the vicinity of the Three Sisters or Diamond Peak
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shasta"



1854

U.S. War Department: Explorations and Surveys for a Rail Road Route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, War Department. Route near the 47th and 49th Parallels., Map No. 3, Rocky Mountains to Puget Sound: From Explorations and Surveys made under the direction of the Hon. Jefferson Davis Secretary of War, by Isaac I. Stevens, Governor of Washington Territory, 1853-1854. [See Pacific Railroad Surveys, 1853-1854, above, and 1860 entry below]
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"



1854

Hitchcock: Geology of the United States and adjacent parts of Canada as represented by Edward Hitchcock (1854) Original map in color.
-- information courtesy King, P.B., and Beikman, H.M., 1974, Explanatory Text ot Accompany the Geologic Map of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 901.


1855

The Naming of Newberry Caldera: Pacific Railroad Surveys, 1855 [See Pacific Railroad Surveys, 1853-1854 above]
  • Newberry Crater was named for Dr. John Strong Newberry, a physician and naturalist, who accompanied the 1855 Topographic Corps Expedition, mapping future railroad routes. Newberry grew up in Ohio, but came to know much of the geology and botany of the West. He was a geologist with the Pacific Railroad Surveys in 1855 when they surveyed the central Oregon area. To honor Dr. Newberry, in 1903 Dr. I.C. Russell examined central Oregon for the U.S. Geological Survey and attempted to use the name Mount Newberry for the Paulina Mountains and Paulina Peak. The name Mount Newberry never found acceptance but the caldera at the summit became known as Newberry Crater. -- information courtesy U.S. Forest Service, Deschutes National Forest, Newberry National Volcanic Monument Website, 2002



1855

Disturnell: Map of Oregon and Washington Territories, showing the proposed Northern Railroad route to the Pacific Ocean, 1855, by John Disturnell, New York. The 1850s were marked by the push for a transcontinental railway, and this map shows one of the northernmost of the possible routes. Surveys completed in 1855, apparently after this map was constructed, pointed to a slightly more southerly route for the eventual Northern Pacific Railway. The route sketched here approximates several eventual routes. The Montana and east portions approximates that followed by the Burlington Northern, while that in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho follows the Northern Pacific's eventual route in those states.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainer" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams" -- this name is in a different type than the rest of the map
  • Mount Hood depicted but not named
  • "Mt. Jefferson"



1855

Egloffstein: Skeleton map exhibiting the route explored by Capt. J. W. Gunnison U.S.A., 38 parallel of north latitude (1853), also that of the 41 parallel of latitude explored by Lieutenant E. G. P. Beckwith 3d. Arty., (1854), by F.W. Egloffstein, 1855 From Pacific Railroad Series, Vol 4. [See Pacific Railroad Surveys, 1853-1854, above]
-- maps courtesy American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mount Shasta"
  • "Mt. St. Joseph" (Lassen Peak)



1855

Gibbs: Map of the Western District of Washington Territory. Manuscript map depicting the western district of Washington Territory, drawn by George Gibbs, and approved by Isaac Stevens, 1855. The map includes the area of western Washington, from the Pacific Coast to the Cascade Mountain Range. Portions of the northwest corner of Oregon and southwest part of coastal British columbia are also shown.
-- information courtesy Washington State Historical Society, 2008.


1855

Goodwin: Map of California And The Adjacent Country, Compiled by F. Goodwin From the best Authors and actual Observation. 1855. Lith. of Geo. E. Leafe, N.Y., Pocket Map.
-- map source: David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Tsaslitl (Mount Shasta)
  • "Mt. St. Joseph" (Lassen Peak)
  • "Butte Mt." (Sutter Buttes ???)



1855

Marcou: Geology of the United States and adjacent parts of Canada as represented by Marcou (1855) Original map in color.
-- information courtesy King, P.B., and Beikman, H.M., 1974, Explanatory Text ot Accompany the Geologic Map of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 901.

  • Mt. Baker
  • Mt. Rainier
  • Mt. St. Helens
  • Mt. Adams



1855

Tilton: Map of a part of Washington Territory, to accompany the report of the Surveyor General, 1855. James Tilton, Washington Surveyor General's Office, 1855. Publisher: Olympia, Washington Territory, Surveyor Generals Office (Baltimore, Lith. by A. Hoen & Co.)
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Cascade Mountains" -- depicted ending south of Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams, to the north the range splits with the western part going through Mount Baker, and the main portion heading off to the northeast.



1855

Williamson and Abbot: 1) From the northern boundary of California to the Columbia River : from explorations and surveys, made under the direction of Hon. Jefferson Davis, Sec. of War by Lieut. R. S. Williamson, U.S. Topl. Engrs. and Lieut. H. L. Abbot, U.S. Topl. Engrs., H. C. Fillebrown, J. Young, and C. D. Anderson, Assts., 1855. 2) From San Francisco Bay to the northern boundary of California : from explorations and surveys, made under the direction of Hon. Jefferson Davis. Sec of War by Lieut. R. S. Williamson, U.S. Topl. Engrs. and Lieut. H. L. Abbot, U.S. Topl. Engrs., H. C. Fillebrown, J. Young, and C. D. Anderson, Assts., 1855. [See Pacific Railroad Surveys, 1853-1854, above]
-- maps courtesy American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mount Adams"
  • "Mount Hood"
  • "Nu-ah-hum Peaks"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Black Butte"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Shasta Butte" (Mount Shasta)
  • "Lassen's Butte" (Lassen Peak)



1856

DeSilver: A new map of the State of California, the Territories of Oregon, Washington, Utah & New Mexico, by Charles DeSilver. Publication date: 1856, Publisher: Philadelphia, Charles DeSilver. Hand colored.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Mc. Laughlin" -- this is not today's Mount McLoughlin. Approximately in the vicinity of the Three Sisters or Diamond Peak
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shasta"



1856

Naming of the Three Sisters: Preston's Map of Oregon, 1856 (see map below).
-- Information courtesy U.S. Forest Service Website, Deschutes National Forest, 2002
  • "The Three Sisters appear as the "Three Sisters" on Preston's map of Oregon of 1856. The name was probably originally applied by members of the Methodist Mission in Salem in the early 1840's, and the individual peaks were given the names "Mount Faith", "Mount Hope", and "Mount Charity", beginning from the north."




1856

Preston: Preston's Sectional and County Map of Oregon and Washington, west of the Cascade Mountains, Compiled from United States Surveys and other authentic sources, by J.W. Trutch and G.W. Hyde, 1856., A.H. Burley, Stationer, Chicago, Ill., Engraved by Ferd. Mayer & Co., New York.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Scott's Peak" (Mount Bailey or Mount Thielsen)
  • "Mt. Mc. Laughlin" (Mount McLoughlin)

  • Section of Map detail, Mount Baker of Quimper, click to enlarge Detail section of Preston's Map showing the Three Sisters. From: University of Washington Library Archives #UW007.



1857

Colton: The Territories of Washington and Oregon, 1857
-- map source: Washington State Secretary of State Website, 2007

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • Glacier Peak depicted but not named (???)
  • "Mt. Rainer" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)



1857

Hudson's Bay Company: Aboriginal Map of North America denoting the Boundaries and the Locations of various Indian Tribes. The Hudson's Bay Company had grown from being a small fur company to a powerful monopoly which held exclusive trade rights throughout western Canada. This map comes from a British Parliamentary Committee report on the Hudson's Bay Company which resulted in the HBC being stripped of their exclusive rights in south central Canada (in the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba), with the land being turned over to Canada for settlement. Published date: 1857, Publisher: London
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • the Cascade Range volcanoes are individually depicted but not named. Depicted are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak (???), Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, Mount Adams, Mount Hood, Mount Jefferson, and Mount Shasta.



1857

Kohl: A Map showing the Progress of Discovery on the West Coast of the U.S. and Vancouver Island, composed by J.G. Kohl, 1857.
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker, Vancouver ... 1792"
  • "Mt. Rainier, Vancouver ... 1792"
  • "Mt. St. Helens, Vancouver ... 1792, Lewis & Clarke ... 1806"
  • "Mt. Hood, Vancouver ... 1792, Lewis & Clarke ... 1806"
  • "Mt Jefferson of Lewis & Clarke 1806, Mt. Vancouver of the Canadians"
  • "Mt. McLaughlin" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shaste" (Mount Shasta)



1857

Meany: Meany's Historical Map of Washington (1857). Received as part of the Edmond S. Meany papers held in Manuscripts, Special Collections, University Archives at the University of Washington Libraries, shows dates and treaty information highlighted in brown, missions in red, Indian reservations in blue, battles and mountain passes in black, and forts with population numbers[?] in green. Events noted on map range from 1810 to 1857. Map is Pen-and-ink (India) on paper. (NOTE: this web compiler could find no indication WHEN this map was drawn. Glacier Peak did not appear by name on any other maps until 1896).
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 10,500, Mount Baker is not drawn on his line of "crest of the Cascade Range" (???)
  • "Glacier Peak"
  • "Mt. Rainier" -- shown slightly west of the crest of the Cascade Range
  • his depiction of the "crest of the Cascade Range" (???) ends south of Mount Rainier
  • "Mt. St. Helens" -- 9,750
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 9,570



1857

Rogers and Johnston: Territories of Washington and Oregon, 1857, by Prof. H.D. Rogers, and A.Keith Johnston, F.R.S.E., Engraved by W & A.K. Johnston, Edinburgh.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. S. Helens" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Pitt or McLaughlan" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Sheep Rock"
  • "Shasta Butte" (Mount Shasta) -- 17,600 feet



1857

Stevens and Carlton: Map of the Indian Nations and Tribes of the Territory of Washington and of the Territory of Nebraska west of the mouth of the Yellowstone. Made under the direction of Isaac I. Stevens, Gov. of Wash. Terr. & Sup't of Ind. Affairs, March 1857, Drawn by William H. Carlton, Surveyor and Top Eng., 1857
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"



1857

Swan: Map of the Western Portion of Washington Territory, Compiled by J.G. Swan, New York, Harper & Brothers, 1857. In 1852, James G. Swan was invited to come visit Shoalwater Bay, now known as Willapa Bay, in the Washington territory. Swan spent several years there, engaging in the oyster business. In 1856 he went to the nation's capital as a private secretary to Congreeman Isaac Stevens, and there found time to write the book that this map is found in. Swan returned to the northwest in 1858, and was one of the major figures in the early history of Port Townsend.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"



1857

Tilton: Map of a part of Washington Territory lying west of the Cascade Mounts, to accompany the report of the Surveyor General, 1857. James Tilton, Washington Surveyor General's Office, 1857. Publisher: Olympia, Washington Territory, Surveyor Generals Office (Philadelphia, P.S. Duval & Son)
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Cascade Mountains" -- depicted ending south Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams to the Columbia River, to the north the range splits with the western part going through Mount Baker, and the main portion heading off to the northeast.



1857

Wagner & McGuigan: Washington Territory West of the cascade Mountains, 1857
-- map source: Washington State Secretary of State Website, 2007

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Reinier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"



ca. 1858

Mitchell: "Map of North America" (from 1858) in Mitchell's school atlas: comprising the maps and tables designed to accompany Mitchell's school and family geography. Philadelphia: E.H. Butler and Co., 1866, c1865.
-- map source: Michigan State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Shasta" -- only volcano named



ca. 1858

U.S. War Department: Map of the territory of the United States from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean; ordered by the Hon. Jeff'n Davis, Secretary of War, To accompany the Reports of the Explorations for a Railroad Route. Made in accordance with the 10th & 11th sections of the Army Appropriation, Act fo March 3rd. 1853. Compiled from authorized explorations and other reliable data by Lieut. G.K. Warren, Topl. Engrs. In the Office of Pacific R.R.Surveys, War Dep, under the direction of BVT. Maj. W.H. Emory. Topl. Engrs. in 1854 and of Capt. A.A. Humphreys. Topl. Engrs. 1854-5-6-7-8. Drawn by E. Freyhold, Engr. on Stone by J.Bien, 60 Fulton St., N.Y. [See Pacific Railroad Surveys, 1853-1854, above]
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mount Hood"
  • "Nu-ah-hum Pk." -- between "Mt. Hood" and "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Pk."
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Shasta Butte" (Mount Shasta)



1859

Custer: Boundary Commission: Henry Custer's Explorations (1857) Actual survey work (North Cascades) began in 1857. A Northwest Boundary Commission was created that year, operating under the authority of the State Department and headed by Archibald Campbell. Campbell hired surveyors astronomers, geologists, naturalists, and artists for the survey team; his principal assistant was Lieutenant John G. Parke, a U.S. Topographical Engineer who served as chief astronomer and surveyor. Other members of the team included ... and Henry Custer, topographer ...
-- information courtesy U.S. National Park Service, North Cascades National Park Website, 2002

  • On July 12, 1859, Custer received orders to explore the "Ensan Kwatch" (Ensawkwatch) Creek drainage near the 49th parallel. Within days Custer set out ". . . along the regular trail to the Chiloweyuk-lake [Chilliwack Lake], formerly a Hudson Bay brigade trail but now improved by our party and the English, the main route, to reach portions of the Parallel." He followed Ensawkwatch Creek the duration of the day, stopping at dusk to set up camp. The following day he climbed Middle Peak to scout the surrounding country. Describing the geography but including other information, Custer wrote: "The view from here was fine and extensive in all directions of the compass. I leave it to a better pen to describe the sublimity of true Mountain scenery in the Cascade Mountains as seen from a point of such altitude; it must be seen it can not be described. No where do the Mountain masses and Peaks present such strange, fantastic, dauntless, and startling outlines as here. Whoever wishes to see Nature in all its primitive glory and grandeur, in its almost ferocious wildness, must go and visit these Mountain regions. . . . Toward the east the Mountains reach a considerable altitude; and for the first time glaciers. . .were seen to coyer the mountainsides to a considerable extent, dazzling in the reflected light of the sinking sun. To the southwest, Mt. Thuskan [Shuksan] and Mt. Baker elevate their hoary and icy sumits [sic] beautiful and majestic from whatever point you may contemplate them."



1859

Fiala: General Map of the United States & Their Territory between the Mississippi & the Pacific Ocean. 1. Showing the different surveyed routes from the Mississippi valley to the coast of Pacific Ocean, 2. the new established & proposed Post Routes, 3. the recently discovered gold, silver, and copper region in Kansas, Nebraska and Arizona. Compiled from the various P.R.R. Surveys & the best authorities which could be obtained, by John T. Fiala, C.E., 1859 Engraved on stone by A. Janicke.
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainer" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helena" (Mt. St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "The Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shasta"



1859

McGowan: Map of the United States west of the Mississippi showing the routes to Pike's Peak, overland mail route to California and Pacific rail road surveys. To which are added the new state & territorial boundaires, the principal mail & rail road routes with all the arrangements & corrections made by Congress up to the date of its issue. Compiled and drawn from U.S. land & coast surveys and other reliable sources, by D. McGowan and Geo. H. Hildt, 1859. Hand colored. Detailed general map framed in decorative borders showing drainage, state boundaries, cities and towns, and the transportation and communication networks. An excellent example of a promotional map to encourage emigration.
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Stewart" (Mount Rainier ??)
  • Mount St. Helens not depicted
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood" -- 14,000 feet
  • "The Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Pitt" -- depicted north and west of the lake (Klamath Lake)
  • "Mt. Shasta" -- 14,000 feet



1859

U.S. Army Corps: Map of the State of Oregon and Washington Territory, compiled in The Bureau of Topo.Eng., chiefly for military purposes, by order of Hon. John B. Floyd, Sec. of War, 1859. U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers, and the U.S. Army, Department of Oregon, J.B. Floyd and W.H. Dougal.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mount Baker"
  • "Mount Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mount Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Pk."
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mount Shasta"



1860

U.S. War Department: Images of engravings from U.S. War Department's Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, 1860, v.12, pt.1. [See also 1854 entry]
-- Images courtesy University of Washington Libraries Collections Website, 2002

  • Engraving, Palouse Falls, 1853, click to enlarge Plate 41: Paloos fishing at "Peluse Falls", Washington. Engraving by John M. Stanley. (Click to enlarge). From: University of Washington Library Collection #NA4168.
  • Engraving, Old Fort Walla Walla, 1853, click to enlarge Plate 42: Nez Perce camp outside walls of Old Fort Walla Walla on the Columbia River, Washington. Engraving by John M. Stanley, 1853. (Click to enlarge). From: University of Washington Library Archives #NA4169.
  • Engraving, The Dalles, Oregon, with Mount Hood, click to enlarge Plate 43: Columbia River area (including indian camp at The Dalles, Oregon. Mount Hood in the background. Engraving by John M. Stanley, 1853. (Click to enlarge). From: University of Washington Library Archives #NA4170.
  • Engraving, Fort Vancouver with Mount Hood in the background, click to enlarge Plate 44: Fort Vancouver, Washington, in 1850, with Mount Hood in the background. Engraving by Gustav Sohon, November 1850. (Click to enlarge). From: University of Washington Library Archives #NA4171.
  • Engraving, Whidbey Island with Mount Rainier in the background, click to enlarge Plate 68: Mount Rainier and Whidbey Island. Engraving by John M. Stanley, 1854. (Click to enlarge). From: University of Washington Library Archives #NA4173.



1860 ... also 1864 to 1867

Colton: 1) Colton's Map of Oregon, Washington, Idaho and British Columbia, 1860. 2) Colton's Map of the States and Territories West of the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, Showing the Overland Routes, Projects Rail Road Lines, & c., Published by J.H. Colton, New York, 1864. 3) Colton's Map of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, and British Columbia, by G.W. and C.B. Colton & Company, 1867. [Also see Colton Map, 1862, and Colton Map 1876 for different spellings, elevations, etc.]
-- maps courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 10,700 feet
  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier) -- 12,360 feet
  • "Mt. St. Helens" -- 9,750 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 9,570 feet
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Scotts Peak" (Mount Thielsen ???) -- interestingly, he lists a "Mt. Scott" west of Diamond Peak, south of the Umpqua River, and almost due east of Roseburg.
  • "Mt. Pitt or McLaughlin" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shasta" -- 14,440 feet
  • "Lassons Butte" (Lassen Peak)



1860 ... also 1861 - 1877

Mitchell: Map of Oregon, Washington, and part of British Columbia, by S. Augustus Mitchell, Pennsylvania (?), 1860. Other Mitchell maps using same Cascade peaks nomenclature -- 1) Map of Oregon, Washington, and part of British Columbia", dates between March 2nd, 1861 (when the Dakota Territory was formed) and March 4th, 1863 (when the Idaho Territory was formed from eastern Washington and western Dakota). 2) Map of Oregon, Washington, and Part of Idaho, dates from between March 4th, 1864 (when the Idaho Territory was formed) and May 26th, 1864 (when the Montana Territory was formed out of eastern Idaho). 3) Map of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana (1866) 4) Map of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana (1867) 5) Map of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana (1869) 6) Map of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana (1874) 7) Map of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana (1877)
-- maps courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "The Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)



1861

James Tilton: Map of a part of Washington Territory, to accompany the report of the Surveyor General, 1861. James Tilton, United States Surveyor General, 1861. Removed from: Message of the President of the United States to the two houses of Congress at the commencement of the second session of the thirty-seventh Congress. Washington : G.P.O., 1861.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • North Cascades vicinity depicted as "Unexplored"
  • Mount Rainier depicted but not named
  • "Mt. St. Helena" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Adams"



1862

Colton: Colton's Rail-Road and Military Map of the United States, Mexico, the West Indies, &c., by J.H. Colton, New York, 1862, Includes census information for 1860. Detailed general map of portions of North America framed in decorative borders showing drainage, international and state boundaries, cities and towns, forts, railroads in operation, and proposed lines. [See Colton entry of 1860 above for more Colton maps]
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 12,000 feet
  • "Mt. St. Helens -- 14,000 feet
  • "Mt. Hood" -- 14,000 feet
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Mt. St. Joseph" (Lassen Peak)



1862 ... also 1863 to 1888

Surveyor General: Map of public surveys in the Territory of Washington to accompany report of Surveyor General, (1862) United States General Land Office. Publication date: 1862. Maps similarly done in the 1863, 1865, 1876, 1879, 1880, 1883, 1884, 1888.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mount Baker"
  • "Mount Rainier"
  • "Mount St. Helens"
  • "Mount Adams"



1863 - 1865? ... also 1873

Williams: Map of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, by J. David Williams, Ferd. Mayer & Co., 1863-1865?. Also published in 1873
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 10,700 feet
  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier) -- 18,000 feet
  • "Mt. S. Helens" (Mount St. Helens) -- 12,000 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- no elevation given
  • "Mt. Hood" -- 14,000 feet
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Pitt".
  • "Sheep Rock"
  • "Shasta Butte" (Mount Shasta) -- 17,000 feet



1863 ... also 1864

Johnson and Ward: Johnson's Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, 1863, by Johnson and Ward. Also published in 1864. "Map publisher Alvin Jewitt Johnson purchased steel plate engravings and copyrights from mapmaker J.H. Colton sometime around 1859. To conserve the plates, Johnson transferred the information from steel to lithographic stone, making updated adjustments/corrections when needed. He also added decorative borders and colors applied by hand to the maps."
-- map and information courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • Glacier Peak depicted (???) but not named
  • "Mt. Rainer" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)



1865

Johnson: Johnson's Oregon and Washington, by A.J. Johnson, New York, 1865. Similar map published in 1873 with "Mt. Thielson" being called "Scotts Peak". See 1873 below.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 10,000 feet
  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 12,000 feet
  • "St. Helens Vol." (Mount St. Helens) -- 12,000 feet
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Thielson" (Mount Thielsen) -- Johnson listed peak as "Mt. Theilson" in 1865, "Scott's Peak" in 1873.
  • "Three Brothers" -- southeast of Mount Thielsen
  • "Mt. Pitt or McLaughlin" (Mount McLoughlin) -- 11,000 feet



1865

Wilson: Map of Public Surveys in the Territory of Washington, to Accompany Report of Surveyor General, 1865
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mount Baker"
  • "Mount Rainier"
  • "Mount St. Helens"
  • "Mount Adams"



1866

Holdredge: 1) Washington; 2) Oregon; 3) California; From: State, Territorial and Ocean Guide Book of the Pacific: Containing the Time and Distance Tables, on or Connecting with the Pacific Coast and the Interior, To Which Are Added Nine Large and Reliable Maps Showing Principal Towns, Routes of Communication, etc., San Francisco; Published Semi-Annually by Sterling M. Holdredge., 1866.
-- map source: David Rumsey Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Black Butte"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Scott's Peak"
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Lassen's Peak" (Lassen Peak)



1867

Boyd: Map of part of the United States exhibiting the principal mail routes west of the Mississippi River, by E.D. Boyd, 1867, Hand colored.
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainer" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • Mount Adams not depicted
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Scott's Peak" (??) -- in the vicinity of Crater Lake or Mount Thielsen
  • No peak depicted in the vicinity of Mount McLoughlin
  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Devil's Castle" (Castle Crags ??)
  • "Lassen's Pk"



1867

Mitchell: County Map of California, 1867, by S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr.
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Lasson's Pk" (Lassen Peak)



1868

Bancroft: Bancroft's Map of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, and British Columbia, Published by H.H. Bancroft, & Comp., Booksellers & Stationers, San Francisco Cal., 1868. Publication date: 1868, Publisher: San Francisco, H.H. Bancroft & Company.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 10,700 feet
  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 12,360 feet
  • "Mt. St. Helens" -- 9,750 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 9,570 feet
  • "Mt. Hood" -- 17, 500 feet
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Scotts Peak" -- Crater Lake not named
  • "Mt. Pitt or Mt. Mc. Laughlin" -- 11,000 feet



1870

Linsley: Journal, Daniel Linsley, Glacier Peak
-- information courtesy U.S. Forest Service, Wenatchee National Forest Website, 2002

  • The first white man to record seeing Glacier Peak was Daniel Linsley, surveying in 1870 for a possible railroad route for the Northern Pacific Railroad.



1871

Charles Wilkes: Map of the Oregon Territory, by Charles Wilkes, Created/Published in 1871
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Mc. Laughlin" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shaste" (Mount Shasta)



ca.1872

Naming of Mount Thielsen:
-- Information courtesy Lewis A. McArthur, 1982, Oregon Geographic Names: Western Imprints, The Press of the Oregon Historical Society.
  • "About 1872 Mount Thielsen was named by John A. Hurlburt of Portland, in honor of Hans Thielsen, prominent pioneer railroad engineer and builder."




1873

Johnson: Johnson's Oregon and Washington, by A.J. Johnson, New York, 1873. Similar map published in 1865 with "Scotts Peak" being called "Mt. Thielson". See 1865 above.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 10,000 feet
  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 12,000 feet
  • "St. Helens Vol." (Mount St. Helens) -- 12,000 feet
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Scotts Peak" -- either Mount Thielson or Mount Scott, Johnson listed peak as "Mt. Theilson" in 1865, "Scott's Peak" in 1873.
  • "Three Brothers" -- southeast of Mount Thielsen)
  • "Mt. Pitt or McLaughlin" (Mount McLoughlin) -- 11,000 feet



1873 ... also 1874

Gray: Map of Oregon and Washington (1873), by F.A. Gray, Published by O.W. Gray & Son, 1873. Oregon and Washington, 1874, by Ormando Willis Gray and Frank A. Gray, Stedman, Brown & Lyon. [See 1891 for later Gray and Son map]
-- maps courtesy Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 11,100 feet
  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 12,360 feet
  • "Mt. St. Helens" -- 9,750 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 9,570 feet
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • ??? -- nice peak depicted here, just slightly west of his crest of the Cascades, no name listed.
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Scotts Peak" (Mount Thielsen)
  • "Crater L."
  • "Mt. McLaughlin" (Mount McLoughlin) -- 11,000 feet



1876 ... also 1880 - 1886

Colton: 1) Colton's Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, by G.W. and C.B. Colton & Company, 1876. 2) Colton's township map of Oregon & Washington Territory, issued by the Oregon Railway and Navigation Co., by G.W. and C.B. Colton & Company, ca.1880, 3) Similar map also published in 1886, with the addition of Paulina L. and East L.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "North Sister" -- part of the Three Sisters (North, Middle, South)
  • "Diamond Pk."
  • "Mt. Thielson" (Mount Thielsen)
  • "Mt. Scott"
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shasta" -- no "Mt. Shasta" on the 1880 map



1876

Rand McNally: Map of Oregon, 1876, by Rand McNally and Company. Indexed map of Oregon showing the railroads in the state and the express company doing business over each, also, counties, lakes & rivers.
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. St. Helens Volcano" -- 9,750 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 9,570 feet
  • "Mt. Hood Volcano" -- 17,500 feet
  • "Hu-ah-hum Peak"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Black Butte"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Thielsen"
  • "Scott's Peak"
  • "Mt. Pitt" -- 11,000 feet



1877

Williams: William's New Trans-Continental Pap of the Pacific R.R. and routes of overland travel to Colorado, Nebraska, the Black Hills, Utah, Idaho, Nevada, Montana, California and the Pacific Coast, Henry T. Williams, Publisher, 1877
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Helens" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Scott's Peak" -- in the vicinity of Crater Lake or Mount Thielsen
  • Mount McLoughlin depicted but not named
  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Lassons Butte" (Lassen Peak)



1881

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Map of the Department of the Columbia, 1881, by T.W. Symons, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
-- map source: Washington State Secretary of State Website, 2007

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Thielson"
  • "Mt. Scott" and "Crater L."
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)



1881

Rand McNally: Map of Washington, 1881, by Rand McNally and Company
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 11,100 feet
  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 12,360 feet
  • "Mt. St. Helens Volcano" -- 9,750 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 9,570 feet



1882

Bowen & Co: Map of Juan de Fuca's Sea sometimes called Puget Sound: embracing the Mediterranean section common to British Columbia and Washington Territory and it Geographical Relations to the Great River Valleys and Inter-Oceanic Traffic of the World, by Amos Bowman, Mining and Civil Engineer , Published by Alfred D. Bowen & Co., as a Premium to the Subscribers of the Northwest Enterprise, Anacortes W.T. 1882.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 10,700 feet



1883

George F. Cram: Cram's Rail Road & Township Map of Washington, George F. Cram Company, Chicago, Ill. 1883. [Compare with his map of 1896]
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"



1883

Bien & Co. Map of the Northern Pacific Railroad, its branches and allied lines. Publication date: 1883, Publisher: New York, Julius Bien & Co. lith.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Tacoma" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Lassens Butte" (Lassen Peak)



1883

USGS U.S. Geological Survey, 1883, Fifth Annual Report Plate XLIV
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Shasta" -- listed in caption only "Topographical Sketch of Mt. Shasta, California, 1883"
  • "Shastina Crater"



1884

Bradley County and township map of Oregon and Washington, by William M. Bradley, 1884, Published by Wm Bradley & Bro., Philadelphia. Compare to his 1887 map listed below.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • Mount Baker depicted (???) but not named
  • "Mount Raistier" (Mount Rainier) -- (unless the "s" is an "n" printed sidesways ???)
  • Mount St. Helens depicted (???) but not named
  • "Mount Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Black Butte" -- southeast of Mount Jefferson and northeast of Three Sisters
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Belknap"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Thielson" -- name is printed but peak is not depicted
  • "Crater L."
  • "Mt. Scott"
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)



1884

George F. Cram: Washington Territory, 1884. Geo.F. Cram, Engraver and Publisher, Chicago, Ill.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"



George F. Cram: Oregon, 1884. Geo.F. Cram, Engraver and Publisher, Chicago, Ill.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Pk."
  • "Mt. Thielson" (Mount Thielsen)
  • "Crater Lake"
  • "Mt. Scott"
  • "Mt. Pitt"



1885 ... and 1894

McGee: Geological Map of the United States
-- information courtesy King, P.B., and Beikman, H.M., 1974, Explanatory Text ot Accompany the Geologic Map of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 901.

  • In 1882, 3 years after the U.S. Geological Survey was organized, it was instructed by Congress "to complete a geological map of the United States." This gave the Survey authority to conduct geological investigations in all parts of the country, and it also obligated the Survey to prepare a national geologic map. In the summer of 1883, Director J. W. Powell instructed W J McGee to compile such a map in time for Congressional hearings the following spring; the map was published in the Fifth Annual Report of the Survey (McGee, 1885b) on a scale of 1:7,115,000, with the title "Map of the United States exhibiting the present status of knowledge relating to the areal distribution of the geological groups." Although the published map states that it was "compiled by W J McGee," he gives generous credit in his administrative report to the assistance of C. H. Hitchcock for his "experience and skill in geologic cartography, his extended personal knowledge of American terranes, and his familiarity with American geological literature" (McGee, 1885a, p. 35). On McGee's map the two-thirds of the country east of the one hundred and third meridian is completely colored, but in the western third only the areas mapped by the various Territorial Surveys are colored, the remainder being left blank. As McGee explains (1885a, p. 38), Much of the western part of the United States remains unexplored geologically; repeated efforts were made to gain access to the unpublished material of the now suspended Geological Survey of California, and to establish correspondence with the State Geologist of Oregon, but without success; the maps prepared by the earliest western explorers can seldom be accurately coordinated with those recently published, either geographically or geologically; and it became necessary to leave the following States and Territories either partially or wholly uncolored: Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington. On completion of this work for McGee, Hitchcock obtained permission from Director Powell to fill in the remaining western part of the map from less exact data, and the results were published in the Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers (Hitchcock, 1887), with an explanatory text. His additions to the Survey map closely resemble the representation on the earlier maps by Hitchcock and Blake, but there are changes and refinements. In 1894 the U.S. Geological Survey published a revised version of the official map, again with the authorship of McGee and on the same scale as before, entitled "Reconnaissance map of the United States, showing the distribution of the geologic systems so far as known."



1886

Phillips & Hunt: Washington and Oregon, 1886, Phillips & Hunt.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • Mount Adams depicted but not named
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • Mount Jefferson depicted but not named
  • "Diamond Pk."
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin) -- two peaks depicted, "Mt. Pitt" name inbetween them, the lower one is more in the location of Mount McLoughlin, the upper closer to Crater Lake, Mount Scott, and/or Mount Thielsen vicinity.



1886

Union Pacific Railroad: Union Pacific Railroad map showing line of branches from U.P.R.R. to Portland Oregon, Puget Sound Wash, Terr, to Montana : to accompany report of G.M. Dodge Chief Eng., (1886)
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters" -- nicely depicted, no Mount Bachelor depicted however
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Lassen's Peak"



1886

Northern Pacific Railroad: Map of the Northern Pacific Railroad and Connections, 1886, by Henry Jacob Winser, Published 1888, St. Paul, Northern News Co. In 1888, the Northern Pacific finally completed the last requirement of its original charter, the construction of a direct route to the Puget Sound. Stampede Pass across the Cascades opened in May of 1888.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Tacoma" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • (Mount Adams missing, compare to the Union Pacific R.R.'s map above)
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Thietson" (Mount Thielsen)
  • "Mt. Scott"
  • "Mt. Shasta"



1887 ... also 1889 and ca.1894

Bradley: County and township map of Oregon and Washington, by William M. Bradley, 1887, Published by Wm Bradley & Bro., Philadelphia. Compare to his 1884 map listed above. Also, Washington and Oregon, 1889, by Wm. M. Bradley. Washington and Oregon, ca.1894, by Bradley & Company.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • Mount St. Helens depicted (???) but not named
  • "Mount Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Black Butte" -- southeast of Mount Jefferson and northeast of Three Sisters
  • "Three Sisters" -- four peaks depicted
  • "Belknap"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Thielson" -- peak is depicted (compare to 1884)
  • "Crater L." -- has Wizard Island depicted but not named
  • "Mt. Scott" (???) -- peak is southwest of Crater Lake and northwest of Mount McLoughlin
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)



1887

Colton:
-- map source: Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Black Butte"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Pk"
  • "Scotts Pk." (Mount Thielsen ???)
  • "Mt. McLaughlin" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Lassens Peak"



1887

Grant: Rail Road & Township Map of Washington, 1887, Grant's Map of Washington Territory, from Grant's Standard Indexed Atlas
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helen" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"



1888

Coast and Geodetic Survey: Pacific Coast from San Francisco bay to the Strait of Juan de Fuca, 1888, by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.
-- map source: Washington State Secretary of State Website, 2007

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 10,827 feet
  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 14,444 feet
  • "Mt. St. Helens" -- 9,750 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 11,906 feet
  • "Mt. Hood" -- 11,758 feet
  • "Mt. Jefferson" -- 10,567 feet



1888

Johnstone: "The Unique Map of California", by E.McD. Johnstone, Published under the auspices of the Southern Pacific Compnay, and the State Board of Trade of California. Has inset pictures.
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Lava Beds"
  • "Mt. Shasta" -- 14,442 feet
  • "Lassens Pk." -- 10,557 feet



1888

Rand, McNally & Co.: Washington Territory, ca.1888
-- map source: Washington State Secretary of State Website, 2007

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Tacoma" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"



1888

Union Pacific Railroad: Tourist map of Union Pacific, the overland route and connecting lines, 1888, by the Union Pacific Railroad Company. In 1888, the Union Pacific Railroad Company was touting tourist points of interest on their transcontinental railroad route. While the boundaries and geography of the United States is somewhat skewed, the map does include inset pictures of scenic places found along the track. The Transcontinental Railroad took four years to complete (1865-1869). Stretching some 1,700 miles, the Central Pacific pushed east from Sacramento as the Union Pacific left Omaha, Nebraska and traveled through the Platte River Valley. The two lines met at the summit of Promontory Point near Ogden, Utah on May 10, 1869 and helped unite the country both physically and mentally. While Washington State is represented only minimally on this rendering, the map in fact came from a pamphlet selling points of interest for Washington and Oregon. The "Columbia Tours" as they were called included special promotional rates for traveling north out of Portland to four destinations, including Alaska, the Cascade Mountains, and Crater Lake. The trip from Portland to Seattle took three hours.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mount Hood" -- inset picture, but not depicted on map
  • "Crater Lake" -- inset picture and is on map
  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Lassen Pk."



ca.1888

Map, ca.1888
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Black Butte"
  • "Lava Beds"
  • the Lassen area (online print quality too dark) seems to have "Lassen Pk", "Black Butte" and "Cinder Cone"



1889 ... also ca.1884

Bradley: Washington and Oregon, 1889, Bradley & Company. Also map - Washington and Oregon, ca.1894, From: Bradley's atlas of the world for commercial and library reference, Wm. M. Bradley & Company, 1895.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • Mount St. Helens depicted but not named
  • "Mount Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Belknap"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Thielson" (Mount Thielsen) -- online map not readable as to whether "ThielsON" or "ThielsEN"
  • "Crater L." -- with huge Wizard Island depicted but not named
  • "Mt. Scott" (???) -- south of Crater Lake
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)



1891

Gray: Oregon and Washington, 1891, by O.W. Gray & Son. [See 1874 entry for earlier Gray Map]
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 11,100 feet
  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 12,360 feet
  • "Mt. St. Helens" -- 9,750 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 9,570 feet
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Scotts Peak" (Mount Thielsen)
  • "Crater L."
  • "Mt. McLaughlin" (Mount McLoughlin) -- 11,000 feet



1891

Mathews-Northrup Co.: Map of Washington and Oregon. Publication date: 1891, Publisher: Buffalo and New York, Mathews-Northrup Co. 1891 By 1889, Congress granted the Washington Territory its statehood. This map shows the counties of both Oregon and Washington States. Note that by 1891 all of Washington state held county designations. While little is known of the Mathews-Northrup Co., this map could befrom the company's Century Atlas. Other known characteristics common to the company is a "piano-key" border and that color was printed, not hand applied, onto the map.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 10,800 feet
  • no Glacier Peak yet (see 1898 entry)
  • "Mt. Rainier" --14,440 feet
  • "Mt. St. Helens" -- 9,750 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 9,570 feet
  • "Mt. Hood" -- 11,025 feet
  • "Mt. Jefferson" -- 9,020 feet
  • "Three Sisters"
  • Newberry not listed but "Paulina L." and "East L." are
  • "Diamond Pk." -- 5,595 feet
  • "Mt. Thielsen" -- 9,250 feet
  • "Mt. Scott" -- 8,500 feet
  • "Crater Lake" -- a lake southeast of "Mt. Scott"
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin) -- 9,265 feet



1891

Pacific Coast Steamship Company: Map showing routes of the Pacific Coast Steamship Company, Steamship information on verso, Published 1891, Rand McNally and Company
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sister"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Scott" (???) -- 8,500 feet, located in the vicinity of Crater Lake
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin) -- 9,250 feet
  • "Mt. Shasta" -- 14,440 feet



1891

Walker: Washington, (1891) Henry Walker
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Tacoma" (Mount Rainier) -- 14,440
  • "Mt. St. Helen" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"



1892

Grant: Washington, (1892) Bankers' and brokers' railroad atlas. Grant's bankers' and brokers' railroad atlas. Alexander A. Grant. This map is almost an exact duplicate of Henry Walker's 1891 'Washington'. [See above]
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Tacoma" (Mount Rainier) -- 14,440
  • "Mt. St. Helen" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"



ca.1892

Northern Pacific Railroad: Map of Washington, Oregon and part of Idaho, ca.1892, published by Rand, McNally & Co.
-- map source: Washington State Secretary of State Website, 2007

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 10,800 feet
  • "Mt. Tacoma" (Mount Rainier) -- 14,440 feet
  • "Mt. St. Helens" -- 9,780 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 9,570 feet
  • "Mt. Hood" -- 11,025 feet
  • "Mt. Jefferson" -- 9,020 feet
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Pk." -- 5,595 feet
  • "Mt. Thielsen" -- 9,250 feet
  • "Mt. Scott" -- 8,500 feet
  • "Crater L." (Crater Lake)
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin) -- 8,285 feet



1893

Pacific Forest Reserve
-- information courtesy U.S. National Park Service, Mount Rainier National Park Website, 2002

  • In 1893, the Mount Rainier area was set aside as part of the Pacific Forest Reserve in order to protect its physical/economic resources: timber and watersheds.



1895

Rand McNally: Rand, McNally & Co's New 11 x 14 Maps, of Washington, Oregon, and California, 1895
-- map source: Perry-Casta?eda Library Map Collection, Color Landform Atlas/Ray Sterner, Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 10,500 feet
  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 14,444 feet, "Mt. Tacoma" listed in parentheses
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 12,902 feet
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Wilson" -- south of "Mt. Hood", the "White River" and the "Warm Springs River" drain from it's east flanks
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Black Butte"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Mt. Thielsen"
  • "Crater Lake"
  • "Mt. Scott"
  • "Lost Peak"
  • "Mt. Pitt" -- in Oregon, just northeast of Medford, west of the crest of the "Cascade Mountains"
  • "Blake Butte" -- southwest of "Mt. Pitt"
  • "Mt. McLaughlin" -- in Oregon, almost due east of "Mt. Pitt" but on the east side of the crest of the "Cascade Mountains", almost due north of "Klamath Falls"
  • "Mt. Shasta"



1896

George F. Cram: Cram's township and railroad map of Washington, 1896. [Compare with his map of 1883]
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Mt. Tacoma" (Mount Rainier) -- 14,440 feet
  • "Mt. St. Helen" (Mount St. Helens)
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"



1896

C.H. Crocker: The Pacific Northwest, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, prepared by C.H. Crocker, 1896. This map is issued by the Pacific Northwest Immigration Board, which was established and is maintained by the business men of the city of Portland, Oregon.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Glazier Peak" (Glacier Peak)
  • "Mt. Tacoma or Mt. Rainier"
  • "Mt. St. Helens"
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Mt. Hood"
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • Three Sisters depicted but online map too dim to read
  • "Snow Butte" (Mount Bachelor)
  • "Diamond Peak"
  • "Old Bailey" (Mount Bailey)
  • "Mt. Thielsen"
  • "Crater L." -- Wizard Island depicted but not named
  • "Union Pk." (???) -- south of Crater Lake and north of "Mt. Scott"
  • "Mt. Scott" (???) -- this is not today's Mount Scott (high point in Crater Lake National Park). This "Mt. Scott" is south of Crater Lake, south of "Union Pk.", and northeast of "Mt. Pitt".
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)



1897

U.S. General Land Office: Map of the State of Washington (1897). United States General Land Office.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 10,827 feet
  • "Mt. Shuksan"
  • Glacier Peak depicted but not named (???)
  • "Pacific Forest Preserve" -- In 1893, the Mount Rainier area was set aside as part of the Pacific Forest Reserve [See above]
  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier) -- 14,444 feet
  • "Mt. St. Helens" -- 9,750 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 9,570 feet



1898

Naming of Glacier Peak
-- information courtesy Mastin and Waitt, 2000, Glacier Peak -- History and Hazards of a Cascade Volcano: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet058-00
  • "Glacier Peak wasn't known by settlers to be a volcano until the 1850s, when Native Americans mentioned to naturalist George Gibbs that "another smaller peak to the north of Mount Rainier once smoked." Not until 1898 did Glacier Peak appear on a published map under its current name."

NOTE: C.H. Crocker's 1896 map (see above) shows Glacier Peak and has it labeled "Glazier Peak".




1899

Baker: New map of the Puget Sound Country, A Valuable Compendium of Useful Information and Complete Railway and Navigation Guide for Travelers and Settlers, by Charles H. Baker & Co., Compilers, 1899.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker" -- 11,500 feet
  • "Mt. Baker Gold Fields"
  • "Mt. Shuksan" -- 10,600 feet
  • "Glacier Peaks" -- (vicinity of the North Cascades)
  • "Glacier Peak" -- no elevation given
  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 14,110 (???) feet (online image too dark)




1899

USGS: U.S. Geological Survey Glacier Peak Quad, 1899, 1:125,000, topographic quadrangle. "Surveyed in 1897-99" "Contour interval 100 feet. Datum is mean sea level." Publication date: 1955
-- map source: Washington State Universitey Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Glacier Peak"



1899

Mount Rainier National Park established March 2, 1899.
-- information courtesy U.S. National Park Service, Mount Rainier National Park Website, 2000

  • (Mount Rainier) -- Mount Rainier National Park was established on March 2, 1899, and encompasses 235,625 acres, ranging in elevation from 1,610 feet to 14,410 feet above sea level. The "mountain" is an active volcano encased in over 35 square miles of snow and ice, surrounded by old growth forest and stunning wildflower meadows.




1899

U.S. General Land Office: Mount Ranier Forest Reserve, Washington, 1899, United States General Land Office, Drafting Division
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Ranier" (Mount Rainier)
  • "Mt. Adams"
  • "Goat Mt."



1899

USGS: Mount Rainier Forest Reserve, Washington, showing classification of lands, 1899, U.S. Geological Survey, Annual Report, by Fred G. Plummer
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 14,526 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 12,470 feet



1901

"Etas-Unis" (from 1901) in Nouveau Larousse illustr?; dictionnaire universel encyclop?dique, publi? sous la direction de Claude Aug?. Paris, Librairie Larousse. 1898-1904. (In French) Also "Etas-Unis (partie occidentale et cote orientale)" (from 1901) in Nouveau Larousse illustr?; dictionnaire universel encyclop?dique, publi? sous la direction de Claude Aug?. Paris, Librairie Larousse. 1898-1904. (In French)
-- map source: Michigan State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Mt. Thieson" (Mount Thielsen)
  • "Mt. Scott" -- appears to be in the Mount McLoughlin vicinity
  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Mt. Lassen"
  • "Mts des Cascades" (Cascade Mountains)



1902

Chittenden: Map of the Trans-Mississippi of the United States during the period of the American fur trade as conducted from St. Louis between the years 1807 and 1843., Created/Published: 1902, From: History of the Fur Trade of the Far West, by H.M. Chittenden, vol. 3.
-- map source: American Memory/Library of Congress Online Map Collection, 2002

  • Mount Baker, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, Mount Adams, Mount Hood, the Cascade Range, Mount McLoughlin, and others, all depicted but not named
  • "Mt. Shasta"



1902

Crater Lake National Park Established
-- information courtesy U.S. National Park Service, Crater Lake National Park Website, 1999

  • (Crater Lake) -- The National Park was established in 1902 and encompases 183,244 square miles. The 33-mile Rim Drive around Crater Lake is a two lane road that has more than 20 scenic overlooks.



1905, 1912

Naming of Mount McLoughlin
-- Oregon State Archives, 50th Anniversary Exhibit Website, John McLoughlin: Father of Oregon, June, 2001
  • "In 1905 the Oregon Legislative Assembly renamed the 9,495 foot Mount Pitt in southern Oregon to Mount McLoughlin. The United States Board of Geographic Names recognized that change in 1912."




1907

U.S. Army Corps Engineers: Mount Rainier National Park, 1907, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Compiled from various sources, Under direction of Maj. H.N. Chittenden, Corps of Engineers, U.S.A., by Eugene Ricksecker, Asst.Engr., November 1906, Revised to October 1907, Scale 2 miles to 1 inch.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 14,526 feet



1907

Dixen: Map showing location and subdivisions of the Shasta and surrounding tribes, by Roland B. Dixen, 1907
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin)
  • "Mt. Shasta"



1908

USGS: USGS Topo Map, 1908, USGS Professional Paper No.60, Plate IX
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Shastina"
  • "Sugar Loaf" (Black Butte)



1909

Oregon Railway and Navigation Co.: Outings in Oregon, 1909, Oregon Railway and Navigation Company, Passenger Dept., This map comes from a tourism brochure promoting travel within the state of Oregon. Its indicative of the change in focus on the part of the railroads - with no further income coming in from land grants, and the rush to homestead long since declined to a relative trickle, railroads turned their focus to promoting train travel, or tourism, as a greater source of income for themselves.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Hood" -- 11,225 feet
  • "Mt. Jefferson"
  • "Three Sisters"
  • "Mt. Thielsen"
  • "Mt. Scott" -- 9, 122 feet
  • "Crater Lake" -- Wizard Island depicted but not named
  • "Crater Lake National park"
  • "Mt. Laughlin" (Mount McLoughlin) -- 9,750 feet
America First Route from Chicago and Kansas City, 1915. The Great Northern finished its transcontinental route in 1893, crossing the cascades at Stevens' Pass. This map comes from a tourism brochure, promoting cross-country railroad travel as a means for easterners to visit the western states.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002
  • "Mt. Rainier National Park"
  • "Crater Lake National Park"



1910

Hammond & Co.: Oregon, 1910, New Reference Atlas of the World C.S. Hammond & Company, New York.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Hood" -- 11,225 feet
  • "Olallie Butte"
  • "Mt. Jefferson" -- 10,200 feet
  • "Three Fingered Jack"
  • "Mt. Washington"
  • "North Sister"
  • "Middle Sister"
  • "South Sister"
  • "Maiden Pk." (Diamond Peak ???)
  • "Mt. Thielsen"
  • "Crater L." -- even depicts Wizard Island but does not name it
  • "Mt. Pitt" (Mount McLoughlin) -- 9,760 feet



1912

Easton: A Map of Mt. Baker, Wash., The Wonderland of the Northwest, Drawn by Easton, The Art Jeweler, Historian of the Mt. Baker Club, Copyrighted 1912, by C.F. Easton. Publisher: Bellingham, Wash., Engberg Pharmacy.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Baker"
  • "Grant Peak, the Summit" -- 10,827 feet
  • "Live Crater" at "Sherman Peak"
  • "Live Crater" to the northeast, between "Patience Knob or Pumice Stone Pinnacle" and "Landes (sp?) Cleaver"
  • the glaciers are drawn in and named
  • "Mt. Shuksan"



1914

Renshawe: Panoramic view of the Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, 1914, Prepared by John H. Renshawe from topographic sheet of the United States Geological Survey, Engraved and printed by the United States Geological Survey.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 14,408 feet



1915

Great Northern Railway: Map of the Great Northern Railway system showing through See America First Route from Chicago and Kansas City, 1915. The Great Northern finished its transcontinental route in 1893, crossing the cascades at Stevens' Pass. This map comes from a tourism brochure, promoting cross-country railroad travel as a means for easterners to visit the western states.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Rainier National Park"
  • "Crater Lake National Park"



1915

U.S. Forest Service: Rainier National Forest, Washington (1915), Map of Rainier National Forest and directions to hunters and campers (1915), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Henry S. Graves, Forester, Rainier National Forest, Washington, Willamette Meridian, 1915, Compiled by R.H. Robertson, Portland, Oregon, Printed by the U.S. Geological Survey
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 14,408 feet
  • "Mt. Adams" -- 12,307 feet (on map but just south of the Forest Boundary)
  • "Mt. St. Helens" -- no elevation given (on map but just south of the Forest Boundary)



1915

USGS: Geologic and Topographic Map of the Shasta Route, From Seattle, Washington to San Francisco, California, 1915, USGS Bulletin 614, Sheet 8
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Sugar Loaf" (Black Butte)



1919

USGS: USGS Topo Map, September 1894, reprinted in 1919
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Sugar Loaf" (Black Butte)



1924

USGS: Mount Rainier, Wash., 1924, U.S. Geological Survey 1:125,000 topographic quadrangle, Topography by C.P. McKinley and W.R. Chenoweth, Control in part by U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Surveyed in 1924, Park area reduced from map of Mt. Rainier National Park.,
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Rainier" -- 14,410 feet



1925

Burlington Northern: Burlington system connections. Publication date: 1925, Publisher: Chicago, Poole Bros.
-- map source: Washington State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Rainier National Park"
  • "Crater Lake National Park"
  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Lassen Volcnic National Park"



1925

Rider: Rider's California "Mt. Shasta and Vicinity" Map, 1925, Sheet No.7, map was "reprinted from the Geological and Topographic map of the Coast Route compiled by the Untied States Geological Survey, George Otis Smith, Director
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Shastina"
  • "Sugarloaf" (Black Butte)



ca. 1929

"Stati Uniti - Ufficio Cartografica del Touring Club Italiano" in Enciclopedia italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti. Roma: Istitvto Giovanni Treccani. 1929-39. (In Italian)
-- map source: Michigan State University Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "M. Baker" -- 3,277 meters
  • "M. Rainier" -- 4,391 meters
  • "M. Adams" -- 3,751 meters
  • "M. Hood" -- 3,421 meters
  • "M. Scott" -- 2,780 meters
  • "M. Shasta" -- 4,383 meters
  • "Lassen P." -- 3,181 meters
  • "Catena d'Cascade" (Cascade Mountains)
  • "Sierra Nevada"



1934

USGS: USGS Topo Map, September 1894, reprinted in 1934
-- map source: College of the Siskiyous Online Map Collection, 2002

  • "Mt. Shasta"
  • "Wintoon Butte" (Black Butte)

 


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