USGS Volcano Notice - DOI-USGS-HVO-2026-05-14T16:08:06+00:00

Overview:

Precursory lava overflows began from the Halemaʻumaʻu south vent at 2:57 a.m. HST and continue at this time. As of 7:00 a.m. HST, there have been six overflows, each lasting 20–30 minutes. Glow, flames, and occasional spattering have been observed at the north vent. The forecast window for episode 47 lava fountaining is sometime today, May 14. Lava fountaining could start at any time now, though precursory activity—overflows and more vigorous spattering—may continue for hours or more.

No significant activity has been noted along Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone.

NOTE: Significant changes in activity between Daily Updates are posted here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/observatory-messages

Summit Observations:

Overnight webcam views showed strong glow and periodic flaming at the Halemaʻumaʻu south vent until 2:57 a.m. HST when overflows began. The have been six overflows from the south vent as of 7:00 a.m. HST. Beginning yesterday evening, the north vent has had visible spattering contained within the vent, along with some flaming after the south vent began overflowing. Degassing continues from both the vents and the surrounding area in the western part of Halemaʻumaʻu crater. 

Steady seismic tremor continues, with a few small bursts in association with the observed south vent overflows in Halemaʻumaʻu. Earthquake activity at the summit during and after episode 46 has been low.

Steady summit inflation continues; since the end of lava fountaining episode 46, the Uēkahuna tiltmeter (UWD) has recorded approximately 15.4 microradians of inflationary tilt, exceeding the 14.0 microradians of deflationary tilt during episode 46. 

With the eruption now paused, the sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emission rate is likely now varying within a typical range of 1,000 to 5,000 tonnes per day. Current summit wind conditions are moderate from the north-northeast, carrying the volcanic gas plume to the southwest.

Rift Zone Observations:

Rates of seismicity and ground deformation remain low in the East Rift Zone and Southwest Rift Zone. SO₂ emissions from the East Rift Zone remain below the detection limit.

Analysis:

Observations of overflows, strong glow, and flames at the south vent—along with glow and spatter bursts at the north vent—indicate that another lava fountaining episode is near. UWD has reinflated to more than 1 microradian above the tilt level that it reached just prior to episode 46. Based on precursory overflows, summit tilt, and seismic velocity data, the forecast window for lava fountaining episode 47 is sometime today, May 14. The episode could start at any time now, though precursory activity—overflows and more vigorous spattering—may continue for hours or more.

Kīlauea has been erupting episodically since December 23, 2024, from two vents (north and south) in Halema‘uma‘u. Lava fountaining episodes, which generally last for less than 12 hours, are separated by pauses that can be longer than three weeks.

HVO continues to closely monitor Kīlauea and is in contact with Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and the Hawai‘i County Civil Defense Agency about eruptive hazards.

Please see the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park website for visitor information: https://www.nps.gov/havo/index.htm

Wind Conditions:

A combination of lava fountaining dynamics and wind conditions determines where tephra fall may occur during an eruptive episode. Larger particles fall near the vents while light particles may be wafted greater distances. The National Weather Service forecast for Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park over the next two days indicates moderate winds (5 to 15 mph) out of the northeast, which would carry tephra to the southwest of the summit.

Resources:

NOTE: HVO’s monitoring network is mostly recovered from recent power- and storm-related outages. Several summit stations, including the SDH tiltmeter, will remain offline until we are able to re-establish access across the deep tephra field southwest of the caldera.

The following links provide more information about the current eruption that began on December 23, 2024:

• Eruption resources, including the most recent map and a timeline of eruption episodes since December 23, 2024: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/science/eruption-information
• Short messages tracking the evolution of the lava fountains and eruptive activity can be found here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/observatory-messages
• Three Kīlauea summit livestream cameras that show eruptive lava fountains are available here: https://www.youtube.com/@usgs/streams
• Summit eruption webcams: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/summit-webcams
• Volcano Watch article on gas pistons: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/news/volcano-watch-so-what-earth-or-least-kilauea-a-gas-piston

Hazards:

This episodic eruption is occurring within a closed area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park.

• Volcanic Gas: high levels of volcanic gas—primarily water vapor (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂)—are continually released during an eruption. Emissions can remain locally hazardous in the areas immediately downwind of the vents, even when the vents are not actively erupting. SO₂ reacts in the atmosphere to create vog (volcanic air pollution) downwind. SO₂ and vog may cause respiratory and other problems at high concentrations. Further information on vog can be found at https://vog.ivhhn.org/
• Tephra: small glassy volcanic fragments—volcanic ash, pumice, scoria, Pele’s hair and reticulite—are created by the lava fountains. A combination of fountaining dynamics and wind conditions determines where tephra fall may occur for any given eruption episode. Larger particles fall near the vents while light particles may be wafted greater distances. These particles may be remobilized during windy conditions following recent eruptive episodes. Residents and visitors should minimize exposure to these fragments, which can cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. More information and guidance on tephra fall hazards is available at https://seagrant.soest.hawaii.edu/resource-and-guidance-for-volcanic-tephra-fall/
• Lava flows: lava on the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu crater and the southwest side of Kaluapele, Kīlauea's summit caldera, remains hot and may slowly move in the days immediately following an eruptive episode.

Other significant hazards exist around Kīlauea caldera from Halemaʻumaʻu crater wall instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls that can be enhanced by earthquakes. Close to the eruptive vents, the tephra material on the crater rim is prone to cracking, slumping, and small landslides that sometimes expose hot and molten material within. This underscores the extremely hazardous nature of Kīlauea's caldera rim surrounding Halemaʻumaʻu crater, an area that has been closed to the public since late 2007.