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2 September 2002
Cascade and channel from start to finish
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Views of gushing cascade and channel down
Paliuli, curving westward as it descends the lava fan. Cascade is near the
western limit of recent drapery on the pali. Left. 0608. Right.
0630. Note lava in foreground fed by slosh from channel. |
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Left. Closer view of branching cascade
and main channel. Note earlier drapery hanging on pali above channel. 0623. Right.
Lava channel near its end, with floating rafts of crust. Sunlit Paliuli
behind. 0616. |
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Left. Channel loses identity as it
merges westward (left) into sluggish slabby pahoehoe and `a`a. Beyond is
still-hot inflating flow. 0605. Right. Looking across sluggish flow
toward Paliuli. Crust on flow resembles that of slabby pahoehoe in places
and of `a`a in others. 0638. |
3 September 2002
Home stretch for lava in its travel to the sea
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Views of lava nearing Nirvana, a.k.a. black
sand beach at east end of Wilipe`a bench. Left. Lava spreads across
1995 bench below old sea cliff. 0553. Right. Tip of flow is poised
at top of 1-m-high cliff above beach. 0601:55. |
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Lava touched the beach at 0603. Quickly the
stream enlarged and divided into two cascades. Left. Lava starts to
move down beach toward sea. 0605:30. Right. Alligator snout of flow--developed
from leading
edge near right edge of image to left--has cooled by flowing across wet
sand, bulldozed into sand, and is nearly stagnant. 0610:14. |
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Flow picks up and eventually hits water. Left.
Lava rushes down wave-cut scarp in beach. 0610:46. Right. Flow
kisses water, generating small amount of steam. 0617:42. |
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Left. One branch of the lava stream
drips down small cliff at head of bench, and one flows onto bench. 0620:40. Right.
Lava flows over cliff and down wave-cut slope, with old visitor viewing
area behind. 0622. |

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Last view of lava on beach, with steam now forming constant
acidic plume hazardous to your health. 0627.
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4 September 2002
Western cascade on Paliuli
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This cascade of lava has been active most of
the past several days. Left. Head-on view showing Pulama pali in
background above Paliuli and broad fan being built by lava pouring down to
coastal flat. Right. Looking along Paliuli, showing slope of fan and
lava flowing down it. |
New bench formed in past day
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Esoteric and mundane views of eastern part of new bench taken from
about the same spot. Left. 0458. Right. See image below for
scale. 0558. |

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Photographer provides scale above skylight in lava tube on
new bench.
Skylight is same as that near right side of above two images. 0600.
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Looking west across eastern part of Wilipe`a bench (light,
covered with sublimates from laze), formed in late July. New flow (dark) moved onto former beach
in foreground, covered beach and part of Wilipe`a bench, and moved westward
along the front of the Wilipe`a. Several active entries can be seen in this
and subsequent images. Lava also moved eastward from this spot to areas
shown in above images. Beach in images of September 3 is buried below dark
flow in lower center of image.
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Lava enters water at front of Wilipe`a bench,
near the western limit of the new addition to the bench. Left.
Smiling moon at 0528. Right. Better view of entry points. 0531. |
6 September 2002
East end of Wilipe`a bench

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Lava pours off eastern front of Wilipe`a bench into
oblivion. This is your last view of it before it turns into solid rock. Such
a scene may be commonplace these days, but beauty is beauty no matter how
often observed. 0524.
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8 September 2002
Lava cascade and growing bench

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Two main streams, and three smaller ones, carry lava down
fan on Paliuli from single source hidden above pali. Lava supplies sluggish
`a`a and slabby pahoehoe flows that reach from lower part of fan onto
coastal flat beyond. The change from yesterday's tube flow to this surface
flow robbed lava from the inflating flow on flat. Consequently, the western
side of the flow field is not growing this morning as it was yesterday.
0543.
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East side of Wilipe`a bench showing how it is widening along
the coast and covering part of a long black sand beach. Note steaming rocks
on beach; waves broke them from bench and stranded them in swash zone.
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9 September 2002
Scenes of new bench and feeding flow
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Left. Several streams fed by lava
inside new bench pour into water at most seaward part of bench, which has
formed in past 24 hours. 0604. Right. Looking northeast along new
bench from top of sea cliff. Note small breakout in distance, the same one
shown on left below. Entries in left view are hidden by laze just off right
side of image. 0617. |
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Left. Looking almost vertically onto
small breakouts on new bench (location shown in right image above). 0615. Right.
View up flow that feeds lava to new bench. This flow mantles the old sea
cliff developed in pre1995 flows. Person on skyline for scale. 0620. |
10 September 2002
Bench grows and lava flows
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Spigot drops lava into water off new
northeast end of Wilipe`a bench. Lava stream is 2-3 m tall. Left.
0514. Right. 0521. |
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Left.
Between waves, small lava flows and falls are visible at 0535. Right.
As dawn approaches, dark wave is poised to break over lava at the entry.
0548. |
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Left. Surface of new northeastern part
of Wilipe`a bench. Compare with right-hand image below, taken from about
the same place. 0603. Right. Small breakout in flow feeding Wilipe`a
bench. This is one of scores of breakouts in the flow, constantly changing
as flow inflates and moves forward. 0612. |
11 September 2002
Lava and water at Wilipe`a bench
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Left. Telephoto of three lava streams
pouring into water from new northeast end of Wilipe`a bench. 0539. Right.
Wider view of entry points in this area. Highest lava fall is 2-3 m. 0545. |
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Left. Telephoto of lava streams
pouring into water at same place as in left image above. Dawn light allows
better view of the edge of the bench. 0559. Right. Same area, but
pulled back to see surface flow that feeds one entry point. 0602. |

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Small channel of lava flowing down pre1995 sea cliff. This
is small breakout from flow that feeds Wilipe`a entry. Such channels create
drapery on the old cliff; such drapery from 1995 coats cliff right of active
flow. 0619.
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12 September 2002
Lava trying to sneak to Highcastle by dawn's early light

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Active tip of narrow flow along west edge of Highcastle
lobe, advancing toward coastline between Highcastle and West Highcastle
benches. At time image was taken, lava was 130 m from top of sea cliff,
which overlooks a narrow bench. Movement is sluggish (tongue has moved only
140 m since September 8), and new entry is not imminent. 0556.
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13 September 2002
Helicopter view of Wilipe`a

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View of Wilipe`a bench looking northeast, best seen in large
image. Narrow flow, which sent arm down road, has built small fan across old
sea cliff onto bench. Broad shiny flow east of small kipuka is main feeder
for bench and has built fan mostly obscuring old sea cliff. Active part of
bench is steaming and has built out from former smooth front of the
July-early August version of the bench. Note how bench now extends
northeastward, hugging coastline below dark kipuka in 1995 flows. Pre-1995
sea cliff, and cliff eroded into the 1995 delta, also visible. West
Highcastle lobe and entry area active in July-August borders northeast side
of kipuka, and, in distance across another kipuka, is snippet of Highcastle
lobe and bench. In upper left is active western part of flow.
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End of the journey
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Views of northeastern part of Wilipe`a bench,
showing lava at end of its journey of more than 60 km up from within
the earth, 20 km through plumbing of east rift zone, and 11 km along tubes
from Pu`u `O`o.
Potentially near end of their journey are two photographers near right
side of each image. Left. 0544. Right. 0545. |
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Left. Another view of entry.
Photographers give scale 0549. Right. Breakout in Wilipe`a
lobe heading wrong way, away from bench and ocean in background. 0559. |
Map of flows from Pu`u `O`o: 10 September 2002

Map shows lava flows erupted during the 1983-present activity of Pu`u `O`o
and Kupaianaha (see
large map). Active flows in May-July (shown in red) originated from two
sources?the area of the rootless shields and an area just southwest of Pu`u
`O`o. The two flows from the rootless shields are the Boundary flow, the longer
flow along the edge of the national park, and the HALP flow, which moved into
Royal Gardens subdivision on May 21. Lava from the Mother's Day flow (red flow on west side of flow field)
reached the sea at West Highcastle early on July 19, at Wilipe`a early on
July 21, and at Highcastle on August 8. From near the southwest base of Pu`u `O`o, the
Mother's Day flow passes along the west side of the flow field and into the
forest, where it started a large wildfire in May that continued into late July. By June 10,
the Mother's Day flow had reached the base
of Paliuli, the steep slope and cliff below Pulama pali and just above the
coastal flat. At the base of Paliuli, the Mother's Day flow abruptly spread
laterally in a series of small budding flows to cover an area nearly 2 km
wide, gradually moving seaward until the West Highcastle and Wilipe`a lobes
finally reached the ocean and started building benches. Activity at West
Highcastle ended in early August, but entry began soon thereafter at Highcastle,
eventually burying tiny kipuka of the Chain of Craters Road. The Wilipe`a entry
died away slowly and had ended by mid-August. Highcastle and neighboring
Highcastle Stairs entries ended on about August 23. For a time there were no
active entries. Then Wilipe`a was reactivated on September 3 and remains active
as of September 11. Not shown on the map is the new northeastern end of the
Wilipe`a bench, which extends halfway to West Highcastle from the east end of
the bench shown on the map.
Eruption-viewing opportunities change constantly, refer to the HVO home page for
current information. Those readers planning a visit to Kilauea or Mauna Loa volcanoes can get much useful
information from Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park.
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