USGS Volcanoes: Notices released in the last day.

Minor earthquakes were detected over the past day. Satellite and webcam images obscured by clouds.

The current eruption began in July 2021 and, since then, lava flows have filled most of the summit crater and advanced into valleys below. There have been no explosions at Great Sitkin Volcano since an event in May 2021. The volcano is monitored using local seismic and infrasound sensors, satellite data, webcams, and regional infrasound and lightning networks.

Low-level seismicity continuing. Clouds obscured satellite images, nothing was observed.

While a new temporary monitoring station was installed in the last week near Mount Kupreanof, data are not yet available in real-time. The closest functioning seismometers are approximately 10 miles (16 km) to the northeast of the volcano as part of the Mount Veniaminof network. Mount Kupreanof is also monitored by satellite data, remote infrasound and lightning networks, and visual observations from pilots and mariners passing by the volcano.

Minor seismicity and infrasound were detected at the volcano over the past day. Cloudy conditions obscured satellite and webcam observations. 

Local seismic and infrasound sensors, web cameras, and a geodetic network are used to monitor Shishaldin Volcano. In addition to the local monitoring network, AVO uses nearby geophysical networks, regional infrasound and lightning data, and satellite images to detect eruptions. 

Minor earthquakes were detected over the past day. Satellite and webcam images obscured by clouds.

The current eruption began in July 2021 and, since then, lava flows have filled most of the summit crater and advanced into valleys below. There have been no explosions at Great Sitkin Volcano since an event in May 2021. The volcano is monitored using local seismic and infrasound sensors, satellite data, webcams, and regional infrasound and lightning networks.

Low-level seismicity continuing. Clouds obscured satellite images, nothing was observed.

While a new temporary monitoring station was installed in the last week near Mount Kupreanof, data are not yet available in real-time. The closest functioning seismometers are approximately 10 miles (16 km) to the northeast of the volcano as part of the Mount Veniaminof network. Mount Kupreanof is also monitored by satellite data, remote infrasound and lightning networks, and visual observations from pilots and mariners passing by the volcano.

Minor seismicity and infrasound were detected at the volcano over the past day. Cloudy conditions obscured satellite and webcam observations. 

Local seismic and infrasound sensors, web cameras, and a geodetic network are used to monitor Shishaldin Volcano. In addition to the local monitoring network, AVO uses nearby geophysical networks, regional infrasound and lightning data, and satellite images to detect eruptions. 

A small explosion from Korovin Volcano within the Atka Volcanic complex was detected in seismic and infrasound data on July 16, 2026. Since then, unrest has declined. As a result, the Aviation Color Code and Alert Level are being lowered to GREEN/NORMAL. 

Overview:

The summit eruption of Kīlauea in Halemaʻumaʻu is paused. Diminished glow and the lack of significant inflation over the past 24 have pushed the modeled forecast time window for episode 52 fountains back to between July 26 and July 30.  

No significant activity has been noted along Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone.

A summary of episode 51 is posted below.

NOTE: Significant changes in activity between Daily Updates are posted here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/observatory-messages

Summit Observations:

Moderate to bright nearly continuous glow was visible overnight from the south vent. Glow from the north vent was dimmed significantly and was mostly absent after 10 p.m. HST last night.

Tremor remains continuous but still has occasional small, ragged tremor bursts. One small earthquake was located beneath the summit of Kīlauea summit in the past 24 hours. 

Since episode 51 ended, inflation resumed and has recovered 9.1 microradians of tilt at the summit tiltmeter at Uēkahuna (UWD). Summit inflation was nearly flat over the past 24 hours and only increased 0.1 microradian after dawn this morning. Kīlauea summit deflation totaled 14.7 microradians during episode 51.

The sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emission rate from the summit is likely now varying within a typical range of 1,000 to 5,000 tonnes per day. Degassing plumes from both vents are being blown toward the southwest this morning.

Rift Zone Observations:

Rates of seismicity and ground deformation remain low in the East Rift Zone and Southwest Rift Zone. SO₂ emissions from the East Rift Zone remain below the detection limit.

Analysis:

The abrupt switch from summit deflation to inflation at the end of episode 51 along with continued glow from the vents indicates that another fountaining episode is likely. Inflation since the end of episode 51 was relatively smooth without significant deflations until yesterday, when inflation paused and has been nearly flat over the last day. Very slow inflation began again in the last several hours, but has not contributed a significant increase in the tilt reading. Continued lack of inflation has extended the forecast window by another day. As of this morning, inflation-based models have a forecast window for the start of episode 52 fountains from July 26 through July 30. Continued slow inflation or periods of deflation may cause the forecast window to be shifted to a later date.

Kīlauea has been erupting episodically since December 23, 2024, from two vents (north and south) in Halema‘uma‘u. Lava fountaining episodes, which generally last for less than 12 hours, are separated by pauses that can be longer than three weeks.

HVO continues to closely monitor Kīlauea and is in contact with Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and the Hawai‘i County Civil Defense Agency about eruptive hazards.

Please see the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park website for visitor information: https://www.nps.gov/havo/index.htm

Summary of episode 51:

A detailed account of episode 51 is given in the HVO Status Report issued on July 15: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans-public/notice/DOI-USGS-HVO-2026-07-16T03:55:25+00:00

• Episode 51 of the ongoing Halemaʻumaʻu eruption began around 8:30 a.m. HST on July 15 and ended abruptly at 4:46 p.m. HST on July 15, 2026.
• The maximum lava fountain height was approximately 950 feet (290 meters) above ground level from the north vent. The south vent never fountained during this episode but did emit flames and gas jets.
• The maximum plume height was approximately 18,000 (5,500 meters) above mean sea level.
• Tephra fall was restricted mostly to the closed area of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park to the southwest of the active Halemaʻumaʻu vents. A light fall of Peleʻs hair was reported at several sites in the national park outside the closed area, including Uēkahuna overlook and Kaʻu Desert trailhead on Highway 11.

Resources:

NOTE: HVO’s monitoring network is mostly recovered from recent power- and storm-related outages. Several summit stations, including the SDH tiltmeter, will remain offline until we are able to re-establish access across the deep tephra field southwest of the caldera.

The following links provide more information about the current eruption that began on December 23, 2024:

• Eruption resources, including the most recent map and a timeline of eruption episodes since December 23, 2024: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/science/eruption-information
• Short messages tracking the evolution of the lava fountains and eruptive activity can be found here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/observatory-messages
• Three Kīlauea summit livestream cameras that show eruptive lava fountains are available here: https://www.youtube.com/@usgs/streams
• Summit eruption webcams: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/summit-webcams
• Volcano Watch article on gas pistons: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/news/volcano-watch-so-what-earth-or-least-kilauea-a-gas-piston

Hazards:

This episodic eruption is occurring within a closed area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park.

• Volcanic Gas: high levels of volcanic gas—primarily water vapor (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂)—are continually released during an eruption. Emissions can remain locally hazardous in the areas immediately downwind of the vents, even when the vents are not actively erupting. SO₂ reacts in the atmosphere to create vog (volcanic air pollution) downwind. SO₂ and vog may cause respiratory and other problems at high concentrations. Further information on vog can be found at https://vog.ivhhn.org/
• Tephra: small glassy volcanic fragments—volcanic ash, pumice, scoria, Pele’s hair and reticulite—are created by the lava fountains. A combination of fountaining dynamics and wind conditions determines where tephra fall may occur for any given eruption episode. Larger particles fall near the vents while light particles may be wafted greater distances. These particles may be remobilized during windy conditions following recent eruptive episodes. Residents and visitors should minimize exposure to these fragments, which can cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. More information and guidance on tephra fall hazards is available at https://seagrant.soest.hawaii.edu/resource-and-guidance-for-volcanic-tephra-fall/
• Lava flows: lava on the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu crater and the southwest side of Kaluapele, Kīlauea's summit caldera, remains hot and may slowly move in the days immediately following an eruptive episode.

Other significant hazards exist around Kīlauea caldera from Halemaʻumaʻu crater wall instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls that can be enhanced by earthquakes. Close to the eruptive vents, the tephra material on the crater rim is prone to cracking, slumping, and small landslides that sometimes expose hot and molten material within. This underscores the extremely hazardous nature of Kīlauea's caldera rim surrounding Halemaʻumaʻu crater, an area that has been closed to the public since late 2007.

Overview:

The summit eruption of Kīlauea in Halemaʻumaʻu is paused after the end of episode 51 on July 15. Summit inflation and glow from both vents continued over the past 24 hours but the rate of inflation and brightness of the glow diminished overnight. Updated models indicate that the forecast time window for episode 52 fountains is now between July 25 and July 29 due to the current slowdown in summit inflation. 

No significant activity has been noted along Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone.

A summary of episode 51 is posted below.

NOTE: Significant changes in activity between Daily Updates are posted here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/observatory-messages

Summit Observations:

Bright glow with periodic flames was visible overnight from the south vent, but the glow was not as bright or as continuous as previous nights, becoming less strong and more intermittent after midnight. Glow from the north vent was weaker than the south vent, and gradually dimmed further between midnight and 3 a.m.

Tremor remains continuous but still has occasional small, ragged tremor bursts.  No earthquakes were located beneath the summit of Kīlauea summit in the past 24 hours. 

Since episode 51 ended, inflation resumed and has recovered 9 microradians of tilt at the summit tiltmeter at Uēkahuna (UWD). Kīlauea summit deflation totaled 14.7 microradians during episode 51. The rate of summit inflation varied over the past 24 hours and has been relatively flat since before midnight. Reduced vent glow brightness seemed to correlate with lower inflation rates.

The sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emission rate from the summit is likely now varying within a typical range of 1,000 to 5,000 tonnes per day. Degassing plumes from both vents are being blown toward the southwest this morning.

Rift Zone Observations:

Rates of seismicity and ground deformation remain low in the East Rift Zone and Southwest Rift Zone. SO₂ emissions from the East Rift Zone remain below the detection limit.

Analysis:

The abrupt switch from summit deflation to inflation at the end of episode 51 along with continued glow from the vents indicates that another fountaining episode is likely. Inflation since the end of episode 51 was relatively smooth without significant deflations until yesterday when it became more variable, and it has been relatively flat before midnight. Decreased rates of inflation have extended the forecast window by a day. As of this morning, inflation-based models have a forecast window for the start of episode 52 fountains from July 25 through July 29. Further breaks in inflation or periods of deflation may cause the forecast window to be shifted to a later date.

Kīlauea has been erupting episodically since December 23, 2024, from two vents (north and south) in Halema‘uma‘u. Lava fountaining episodes, which generally last for less than 12 hours, are separated by pauses that can be longer than three weeks.

HVO continues to closely monitor Kīlauea and is in contact with Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and the Hawai‘i County Civil Defense Agency about eruptive hazards.

Please see the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park website for visitor information: https://www.nps.gov/havo/index.htm

Summary of episode 51:

A detailed account of episode 51 is given in the HVO Status Report issued on July 15: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans-public/notice/DOI-USGS-HVO-2026-07-16T03:55:25+00:00

• Episode 51 of the ongoing Halemaʻumaʻu eruption began around 8:30 a.m. HST on July 15 and ended abruptly at 4:46 p.m. HST on July 15, 2026.
• The maximum lava fountain height was approximately 950 feet (290 meters) above ground level from the north vent. The south vent never fountained during this episode but did emit flames and gas jets.
• The maximum plume height was approximately 18,000 (5,500 meters) above mean sea level.
• Tephra fall was restricted mostly to the closed area of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park to the southwest of the active Halemaʻumaʻu vents. A light fall of Peleʻs hair was reported at several sites in the national park outside the closed area, including Uēkahuna overlook and Kaʻu Desert trailhead on Highway 11.

Resources:

NOTE: HVO’s monitoring network is mostly recovered from recent power- and storm-related outages. Several summit stations, including the SDH tiltmeter, will remain offline until we are able to re-establish access across the deep tephra field southwest of the caldera.

The following links provide more information about the current eruption that began on December 23, 2024:

• Eruption resources, including the most recent map and a timeline of eruption episodes since December 23, 2024: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/science/eruption-information
• Short messages tracking the evolution of the lava fountains and eruptive activity can be found here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/observatory-messages
• Three Kīlauea summit livestream cameras that show eruptive lava fountains are available here: https://www.youtube.com/@usgs/streams
• Summit eruption webcams: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/summit-webcams
• Volcano Watch article on gas pistons: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/news/volcano-watch-so-what-earth-or-least-kilauea-a-gas-piston

Hazards:

This episodic eruption is occurring within a closed area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park.

• Volcanic Gas: high levels of volcanic gas—primarily water vapor (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂)—are continually released during an eruption. Emissions can remain locally hazardous in the areas immediately downwind of the vents, even when the vents are not actively erupting. SO₂ reacts in the atmosphere to create vog (volcanic air pollution) downwind. SO₂ and vog may cause respiratory and other problems at high concentrations. Further information on vog can be found at https://vog.ivhhn.org/
• Tephra: small glassy volcanic fragments—volcanic ash, pumice, scoria, Pele’s hair and reticulite—are created by the lava fountains. A combination of fountaining dynamics and wind conditions determines where tephra fall may occur for any given eruption episode. Larger particles fall near the vents while light particles may be wafted greater distances. These particles may be remobilized during windy conditions following recent eruptive episodes. Residents and visitors should minimize exposure to these fragments, which can cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. More information and guidance on tephra fall hazards is available at https://seagrant.soest.hawaii.edu/resource-and-guidance-for-volcanic-tephra-fall/
• Lava flows: lava on the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu crater and the southwest side of Kaluapele, Kīlauea's summit caldera, remains hot and may slowly move in the days immediately following an eruptive episode.

Other significant hazards exist around Kīlauea caldera from Halemaʻumaʻu crater wall instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls that can be enhanced by earthquakes. Close to the eruptive vents, the tephra material on the crater rim is prone to cracking, slumping, and small landslides that sometimes expose hot and molten material within. This underscores the extremely hazardous nature of Kīlauea's caldera rim surrounding Halemaʻumaʻu crater, an area that has been closed to the public since late 2007.