USGS Volcanoes: Notices released in the last day.

Slow lava effusion continues within the Great Sitkin summit crater. Over the past day, seismic data recorded frequent rockfalls from the growing lava dome. Web camera and satellite views were cloudy.  

The current lava eruption began in July 2021 and, since then, has filled most of the summit crater and advanced into valleys below. There have been no explosions at Great Sitkin Volcano since an event in May 2021. The volcano is monitored using local seismic and infrasound sensors, satellite data, webcams, and regional infrasound and lightning networks.

Unrest persists at Shishaldin Volcano, with seismic and infrasound activity remaining elevated over the past day. Satellite and web camera views were cloudy.    

Local seismic and infrasound sensors, web cameras, and a geodetic network are used to monitor Shishaldin Volcano. In addition to the local monitoring network, AVO uses nearby geophysical networks, regional infrasound and lightning data, and satellite images to detect eruptions. 

Overview:

The Halemaʻumaʻu eruption of Kīlauea is paused. Summit inflation is underway at this time, while glow and flames have been visible at south vent over the past day. Forecast models suggest that lava fountaining episode 45 will occur sometime between Sunday, April 19 and Saturday, April 25. Most Kīlauea monitoring data streams are operational again after HVO's radio telemetry network was restored yesterday afternoon.

No significant activity has been noted along Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone.

For more information on the partial monitoring network outage that lasted from Saturday, April 11 until Tuesday, April 14, see the Information Statement here: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans-public/notice/DOI-USGS-HVO-2026-04-12T15:47:48+00:00

NOTE: Significant changes in activity between Daily Updates are posted here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/observatory-messages

Summit Observations:

Overnight, glow was consistently visible at the Halemaʻumaʻu south vent, along with several periods of intense flaming—likely caused by the ignition of volcanic gases escaping the vent. No such activity was apparent at the north vent, but it has continued to emit volcanic gases.

Low-level seismic tremor continues during the ongoing eruptive pause, with bursts approximately every 10 minutes likely associated with gas pistoning cycles in the north and south vents.

Since the end of lava fountaining episode 44 on April 9, the Uēkahuna tiltmeter (UWD) has tracked approximately 10.1 microradians of inflationary tilt. This instrument recorded 17.6 microradians of deflationary tilt in total during the episode.

With the eruption paused, the sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emission rate from Halemaʻumaʻu is likely now varying within a typical range of 1,000 to 5,000 tonnes per day. Winds near the eruptive vents have been directionally variable over the past day.

Rift Zone Observations:

Rates of seismicity and ground deformation remain low in the East Rift Zone and Southwest Rift Zone. SO₂ emissions from the East Rift Zone remain below the detection limit.

Analysis:

The rapid return of inflationary tilt and glow from the Halemaʻumaʻu eruptive vents indicates that another lava fountaining episode is likely. Lava spattering and overflows from one or both of the eruptive vents are expected to precede the next lava fountaining episode. Forecast models based on summit inflation indicate that episode 45 lava fountains are likely to occur sometime between Sunday, April 19 and Saturday, April 25.

Kīlauea has been erupting episodically since December 23, 2024, from two vents (north and south) in Halema‘uma‘u. Lava fountaining episodes, which generally last for less than 12 hours, are separated by pauses that can be longer than three weeks.

HVO continues to closely monitor Kīlauea and is in contact with Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and the Hawai‘i County Civil Defense Agency about eruptive hazards.

Please see the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park website for visitor information: https://www.nps.gov/havo/index.htm

Recap of episode 44:

Episode 44 ended at 7:41 p.m. HST on April 9 after 8.5 hours of continuous lava fountaining from the north vent, sending tephra to the north into public areas of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park and into surrounding communities. UWD tiltmeter recorded 17.6 microradians of deflationary tilt during the episode.

A full summary of episode 44 can be found in a Status Report here: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans-public/notice/DOI-USGS-HVO-2026-04-10T06:25:16+00:00

Resources:

NOTE: HVO’s monitoring network is mostly recovered from recent power- and storm-related outages. Several summit stations, including the SDH tiltmeter, will remain offline until we are able to re-establish access across the deep tephra field south of the caldera.

The following links provide more information about the current eruption that began on December 23, 2024:

• Eruption resources, including the most recent map and a timeline of eruption episodes since December 23, 2024: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/science/eruption-information
• Short messages tracking the evolution of the lava fountains and eruptive activity can be found here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/observatory-messages
• Three Kīlauea summit livestream cameras that show eruptive lava fountains are available here: https://www.youtube.com/@usgs/streams
• Summit eruption webcams: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/summit-webcams
• Volcano Watch article on gas pistons: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/news/volcano-watch-so-what-earth-or-least-kilauea-a-gas-piston

Hazards:

This episodic eruption is occurring within a closed area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park.

• Volcanic Gas: high levels of volcanic gas—primarily water vapor (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂)—are continually released during an eruption. Emissions can remain locally hazardous in the areas immediately downwind of the vents, even when the vents are not actively erupting. SO₂ reacts in the atmosphere to create vog (volcanic air pollution) downwind. SO₂ and vog may cause respiratory and other problems at high concentrations. Further information on vog can be found at https://vog.ivhhn.org/
• Tephra: small glassy volcanic fragments—volcanic ash, pumice, scoria, Pele’s hair and reticulite—are created by the lava fountains. A combination of fountaining dynamics and wind conditions determines where tephra fall may occur for any given eruption episode. Larger particles fall near the vents while light particles may be wafted greater distances. These particles may be remobilized during windy conditions following recent eruptive episodes. Residents and visitors should minimize exposure to these fragments, which can cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. More information and guidance on tephra fall hazards is available at https://seagrant.soest.hawaii.edu/resource-and-guidance-for-volcanic-tephra-fall/
• Lava flows: lava on the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu crater and the southwest side of Kaluapele, Kīlauea's summit caldera, remains hot and may slowly move in the days immediately following an eruptive episode.

Other significant hazards exist around Kīlauea caldera from Halemaʻumaʻu crater wall instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls that can be enhanced by earthquakes. Close to the eruptive vents, the tephra material on the crater rim is prone to cracking, slumping, and small landslides that sometimes expose hot and molten material within. This underscores the extremely hazardous nature of Kīlauea's caldera rim surrounding Halemaʻumaʻu crater, an area that has been closed to the public since late 2007.

Overview:

The Halemaʻumaʻu eruption of Kīlauea is paused. Glow from the south vent continued over the past day, along with incandescence on the crater floor as episode 44 lava flows cool and solidify. Many Kīlauea monitoring data streams are presently offline due to an outage of HVO's radio telemetry network, but the remaining operational stations are sufficient to detect any major changes in the volcanic system; none are noted at this time. Data from two tiltmeters are available, and forecasting suggests that Halemaʻumaʻu lava fountaining episode 45 will occur sometime between Sunday, April 19 and Sunday, April 26.

No significant activity has been noted along Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone.

For more information on the partial monitoring network outage, see the Information Statement here: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans-public/notice/DOI-USGS-HVO-2026-04-12T15:47:48+00:00

NOTE: Significant changes in activity between Daily Updates are posted here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/observatory-messages

Summit Observations:

Overnight, glow was periodically visible at the Halemaʻumaʻu south vent, while none was apparent at the north vent. Episode 44 lava flows on the crater floor retain spots of incandescence as they cool and solidify, which may continue for a few more days. Lava fountaining episode 44 occurred on April 9.

Yesterday evening, another seismometer near Kīlauea summit was brought back online. Its data show continued low-level seismic tremor during the ongoing eruptive pause, with bursts every 5–15 minutes likely associated with gas pistoning cycles in the eruptive vents.

One HVO tiltmeter—station SMC located southeast of Kaluapele (Kīlauea caldera)—is transmitting data at this time; since the end of lava fountaining episode 44 on April 9, this instrument has tracked approximately 11.4 microradians of inflationary tilt, after recording 22.6 microradians of deflationary tilt in total during the episode. Yesterday afternoon, recent data was manually downloaded from the UWD tiltmeter located northwest of Kaluapele, and it showed no significant discrepancies with SMC.

With the eruption paused, the sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emission rate from Halemaʻumaʻu is likely now varying within a typical range of 1,000 to 5,000 tonnes per day. Winds near the eruptive vents have been directionally variable over the past day.

Rift Zone Observations:

Rates of seismicity remain low in the East Rift Zone and Southwest Rift Zone.

Analysis:

The rapid return of inflationary tilt and glow from the Halemaʻumaʻu eruptive vents indicates that another lava fountaining episode is likely. Lava spattering and overflows from one or both of the eruptive vents are expected to precede the next lava fountaining episode. Models based on summit inflation indicate that episode 45 lava fountains are likely to occur sometime between Sunday, April 19 and Sunday, April 26.

Kīlauea has been erupting episodically since December 23, 2024, from two vents (north and south) in Halema‘uma‘u. Lava fountaining episodes, which generally last for less than 12 hours, are separated by pauses that can be longer than three weeks.

HVO continues to closely monitor Kīlauea and is in contact with Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and the Hawai‘i County Civil Defense Agency about eruptive hazards.

Please see the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park website for visitor information: https://www.nps.gov/havo/index.htm

Recap of episode 44:

Episode 44 ended at 7:41 p.m. HST on April 9 after 8.5 hours of continuous lava fountaining from the north vent, sending tephra to the north into public areas of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park and into surrounding communities. UWD tiltmeter recorded 17.6 microradians of deflation and SMC tiltmeter recorded 22.6 microradians of deflation during the episode.

A full summary of episode 44 can be found in a Status Report here: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans-public/notice/DOI-USGS-HVO-2026-04-10T06:25:16+00:00

Resources:

NOTE: HVO’s monitoring network is mostly recovered from recent power- and storm-related outages. Several summit stations, including the SDH tiltmeter, will remain offline until we are able to re-establish access across the deep tephra field south of the caldera.

The following links provide more information about the current eruption that began on December 23, 2024:

• Eruption resources, including the most recent map and a timeline of eruption episodes since December 23, 2024: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/science/eruption-information
• Short messages tracking the evolution of the lava fountains and eruptive activity can be found here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/observatory-messages
• Three Kīlauea summit livestream cameras that show eruptive lava fountains are available here: https://www.youtube.com/@usgs/streams
• Summit eruption webcams: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/summit-webcams
• Volcano Watch article on gas pistons: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/news/volcano-watch-so-what-earth-or-least-kilauea-a-gas-piston

Hazards:

This episodic eruption is occurring within a closed area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park.

• Volcanic Gas: high levels of volcanic gas—primarily water vapor (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂)—are continually released during an eruption. Emissions can remain locally hazardous in the areas immediately downwind of the vents, even when the vents are not actively erupting. SO₂ reacts in the atmosphere to create vog (volcanic air pollution) downwind. SO₂ and vog may cause respiratory and other problems at high concentrations. Further information on vog can be found at https://vog.ivhhn.org/
• Tephra: small glassy volcanic fragments—volcanic ash, pumice, scoria, Pele’s hair and reticulite—are created by the lava fountains. A combination of fountaining dynamics and wind conditions determines where tephra fall may occur for any given eruption episode. Larger particles fall near the vents while light particles may be wafted greater distances. These particles may be remobilized during windy conditions following recent eruptive episodes. Residents and visitors should minimize exposure to these fragments, which can cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. More information and guidance on tephra fall hazards is available at https://seagrant.soest.hawaii.edu/resource-and-guidance-for-volcanic-tephra-fall/
• Lava flows: lava on the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu crater and the southwest side of Kaluapele, Kīlauea's summit caldera, remains hot and may slowly move in the days immediately following an eruptive episode.

Other significant hazards exist around Kīlauea caldera from Halemaʻumaʻu crater wall instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls that can be enhanced by earthquakes. Close to the eruptive vents, the tephra material on the crater rim is prone to cracking, slumping, and small landslides that sometimes expose hot and molten material within. This underscores the extremely hazardous nature of Kīlauea's caldera rim surrounding Halemaʻumaʻu crater, an area that has been closed to the public since late 2007.