ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERVATORY WEEKLY UPDATE
U.S. Geological Survey
Friday, May 2, 2025, 11:23 AM AKDT (Friday, May 2, 2025, 19:23 UTC)
Unrest continues at Mount Spurr, though at a lower level than observed in early 2025. While the likelihood of an eruption has decreased since March, the volcano remains at an elevated level of unrest and an explosive eruption (or eruptions) like those that occurred in 1953 and 1992 is still possible. We would expect to see weeks or longer of more elevated unrest that would provide advance warning of an eruption.
Seismicity remains above background rates, with 73 located earthquakes over the last week. These earthquakes are much smaller than those caused by tectonic activity and cannot be felt. All from the past week are smaller than Magnitude 1. Earthquake rates have shown variability during this current period of unrest. In addition to located events, much smaller quakes are occurring several times per hour. Ground deformation at Mount Spurr has slowed over the past month, like the pause that occurred for several weeks in November and December 2024.
AVO last conducted an overflight of the volcano on April 24, when field crews measured surface temperatures at the summit and Crater Peak using an infrared camera, measured gas emissions, and dug out and augmented the power system at station SPCG. Views of the summit at that time showed steaming from fumaroles on the upper flanks and along the shoreline of the crater lake. The lake remains mostly covered in floating ice. No significant surface changes were observed at Crater Peak. Gas data from the flight show emission rates close to those measured in March.
Sulfur dioxide emissions were not detected in satellite data over the last week, largely because of poor viewing conditions related to cloudy weather. Snow is currently covering up the CKT web camera, but other web cameras (like SPCR) are snow free and functioning well, although the rainy weather has prevented views of the volcano over the last week. A recently established livestream of Mount Spurr, as viewed from Glen Alps in Anchorage, is available here: Mount Spurr Live Stream (ANCG).
AVO continues to closely monitor activity at Mount Spurr for signals indicating the volcano is moving closer to an eruption using local seismic, infrasound, and GNSS (GPS) stations, web cameras, airborne and satellite gas measurements, regional infrasound, lightning networks, and satellite images. Based on previous eruptions, additional changes in earthquakes, ground deformation, the summit lake, and fumaroles would be expected if magma moves closer to the surface. Therefore, if an eruption occurred, it would be preceded by additional signals that would allow advance warning.
Mount Spurr is an ice- and snow-covered stratovolcano located on the west side of Cook Inlet approximately 80 miles (129 km) west of Anchorage. The only known historical eruptions occurred in 1953 and 1992 from the Crater Peak flank vent located 2 miles (3.5 km) south of the summit of Mount Spurr. These eruptions were brief, explosive, and produced columns of ash that rose up to about 65,000 feet (20 km) above sea level and deposited minor ashfall in southcentral Alaska (up to ¼ inch or 6 mm). The last known eruption from the summit of Mount Spurr was more than 5,000 years ago. In 2004, Mount Spurr experienced an episode of increased seismicity, surface uplift, and heating that melted a large hole in the summit ice cap and generated debris flows. Primary hazards during future eruptions include far-traveled ash clouds, ash fall, pyroclastic flows, and lahars or mudflows that could inundate drainages all sides of the volcano, but primarily on the south and east flanks.
Activity at Great Sitkin Volcano continued over the past week, characterized by the slow eruption of lava in the summit crater. Satellite data from May 1 shows continued growth of the lava dome. A video taken April 9, recently shared with AVO, shows the steaming lava dome. Intermittent, small volcanic earthquakes continue to occur. Other satellite and web camera observations were mostly obscured by clouds over the past week.
Since the May 2021 explosion, there have been no other explosions at Great Sitkin Volcano. The lava eruption that began in July 2021 is ongoing. It has filled most of the summit crater and advanced into valleys below. The volcano is monitored using local seismic and infrasound sensors, satellite data and web cameras, and regional infrasound and lightning networks.
Great Sitkin Volcano is a basaltic andesite volcano that occupies most of the northern half of Great Sitkin Island, a member of the Andreanof Islands group in the central Aleutian Islands. It is located 26 miles (42 km) east of the community of Adak. The volcano is a composite structure consisting of an older dissected volcano and a younger parasitic cone with a ~1 mile (1.6 km)-diameter summit crater. A steep-sided lava dome, emplaced in the crater during an eruption in 1974, has been mostly buried by the ongoing eruption. The 1974 eruption produced at least one ash cloud that likely exceeded an altitude of 25,000 ft (7.6 km) above sea level. A poorly documented eruption also occurred in 1945, producing a lava dome that was partially destroyed in the 1974 eruption. Within the past 280 years a large explosive eruption produced pyroclastic flows that partially filled the Glacier Creek valley on the southwest flank.
AVO has detected no activity at the Atka volcanic complex since a small explosion occurred at the summit of Korovin Volcano on the morning of April 25. Korovin is one of the volcanoes that makes up the Atka volcanic complex. Satellite and webcam views were cloudy over the past week, and seismicity remains low.
The Atka volcanic complex is monitored by local seismic and infrasound sensors and webcam, satellite data, and regional lightning detection instruments.
The Atka volcanic complex forms the northern part of Atka Island, located about 16 km north of the community of Atka and 1,761 km southwest of Anchorage. The Atka volcanic complex includes a possible older caldera and several younger vents, including Korovin Volcano, Mount Kliuchef, and Sarichef Volcano. Korovin Volcano, a 1553-m-high (5030 ft) stratovolcano, has been the site of most historical volcanic activity, and has a small, roiling crater lake that occasionally produces energetic steam emissions. Korovin has erupted several times in the past 200 years, including 1973, 1987, and 1998, and has likely had small ash emissions as recently as 2005. Typical recent Korovin eruptions produce minor amounts of ash and occasional but small lava flows. Reports of the height of the ash plume produced by the 1998 eruption ranged as high as 10,600 m (35,000 feet) above sea level. Mount Kliuchef is composed of a series of five vents aligned northeast–southwest. The two main summit vents of Kliuchef appear relatively young and the easternmost was probably the source of an 1812 eruption that is sometimes attributed to Sarichef.
Matt Haney, Scientist-in-Charge, USGS mhaney@usgs.gov (907) 786-7497
Pavel Izbekov, Acting Coordinating Scientist, UAFGI peizbekov@alaska.edu (907) 378-5460
Contact AVO: https://avo.alaska.edu/contact
The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys.
CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERVATORY WEEKLY UPDATE
U.S. Geological Survey
Friday, May 2, 2025, 12:14 PM PDT (Friday, May 2, 2025, 19:14 UTC)
Activity Update: All volcanoes in the Cascade Range of Oregon and Washington are at normal background activity levels. These include Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams in Washington State and Mount Hood, Mount Jefferson, Three Sisters, Newberry, and Crater Lake in Oregon.
Past Week Observations: Over the past week, small earthquakes were located at Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, and Mount St. Helens. Monitoring data are consistent with background activity levels in the Cascade Range.
The U.S. Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory and the University of Washington Pacific Northwest Seismic Network continue to monitor Washington and Oregon volcanoes closely and will issue additional notifications as warranted.
Website Resources
For images, graphics, and general information on Cascade Range volcanoes: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo
For seismic information on Oregon and Washington volcanoes: http://www.pnsn.org/volcanoes
For information on USGS volcano alert levels and notifications: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcano-notifications-deliver-situational-information
Jon Major, Scientist-in-Charge, Cascades Volcano Observatory, jjmajor@usgs.gov
General inquiries: askCVO@usgs.gov
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY INFORMATION STATEMENT
U.S. Geological Survey
Friday, May 2, 2025, 3:30 PM HST (Saturday, May 3, 2025, 01:30 UTC)
On Friday, May 2, 12:59 p.m. HST, a magnitude-3.6 earthquake occurred 4 mi (6 km) west-southwest of Laupāhoehoe on the Island of Hawaiʻi at a depth of 19 mi (31 km) below sea level. The earthquake had no apparent impact on either Mauna Loa or Kīlauea volcanoes.
The depth, location, and recorded seismic waves of the earthquake suggest a source due to bending of the oceanic plate from the weight of the Hawaiian island chain, a common source for earthquakes in this area. The event is likely related to stress from the weight of the island on the underlying ocean crust and was not directly related to volcanic processes.
The USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory continues to monitor Hawaiian volcanoes for any changes.
EARTHQUAKE DESCRIPTION
EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY AND AFFECTED AREA
EARTHQUAKE MAPS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawaiʻi and American Samoa.
Subscribe to these messages: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vns2/
Summary of volcanic hazards from eruptions: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hazards
Recent earthquakes in Hawaiʻi (map and list): https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo
Explanation of Volcano Alert Levels and Aviation Color Codes: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanic-alert-levels-characterize-conditions-us-volcanoes
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
U.S. Geological Survey
Friday, May 2, 2025, 8:59 AM HST (Friday, May 2, 2025, 18:59 UTC)
Activity Summary:
Episode 19 of the ongoing Halemaʻumaʻu eruption ended this morning at 5:20 a.m. HST after 7 hours and 52 minutes of sustained lava fountaining at the north vent. The rapid rebound of recorded summit tilt from deflation to inflation at the end of episode 19 along with the continuation of weak tremor being recorded at the summit, suggest another episode is likely.
Kīlauea's current eruption in Halemaʻumaʻu crater within Kaluapele (the summit caldera) began on December 23, 2024. There have now been 19 episodes separated by pauses in activity. All eruptive activity remains within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. No significant activity has been noted along Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone. Current hazards include volcanic gas emissions and windblown volcanic glass (Pele’s hair) and tephra that have impacted Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park and nearby communities.
Summit Observations:
The main fountaining of episode 19 was preceded by 26 gas-pistoning cycles of dome fountaining and short overflows of the north vent, followed immediately by lava draining back into the vent. The cycles lasted for over 9 hours yesterday starting at 11:49 a.m. HST, with a noticeable increase in vigor around 6:45 p.m. HST, and continued until the sustained fountaining phase of episode 19 began at about 9:28 p.m. HST. Fountaining from the north vent only, reached maximum estimated heights of about 330 feet (100 meters) and the lava flows covered about half of the Halema'uma'u crater floor. Additional information can be found in the status reports post at the start and end of episode 19.
Deflation of the summit during episode 19 immediately changed back to inflation when the fountaining stopped at 5:20 a.m. HST this morning. The UWD tiltmeter has recorded about 0.5 microradian since the end of episode 19. A sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate measured on April 30 was approximately 1,350 tonnes per day, which is typical during the eruption pauses. Strands of volcanic glass known as Pele’s hair from previous episodes are still present throughout the summit area of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park and surrounding communities, and can be remobilized by wind.
Rift Zone Observations:
Rates of seismicity and ground deformation remain very low in the East Rift Zone and Southwest Rift Zone with no significant earthquake activity in the past 24 hours. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from the East Rift Zone remain below the detection limit.
Analysis:
The current eruption has been characterized by episodic fountaining not seen in any eruptions since the 1983-86 fountaining episodes of Puʻuʻōʻō. Fountains and lava flows have erupted from two vents that we refer to as the north vent and south vent. Each of the previous 19 fountaining episodes lasted from a few hours to over a week and have been accompanied by strong deflation of the summit region. Pauses between the fountaining episodes have been marked by an immediate change from deflation to inflation as the magma chamber recharges and repressurizes.
The rapid rebound of recorded UWD and SDH tilt from deflation to inflation at the end of episode 19 along with the continuation of weak tremor being recorded at the summit, suggest another episode is likely. Preliminary data indicate that episode 20 is likely to start sometime next week. As more data becomes available, the window will be adjusted.
HVO continues to closely monitor Kīlauea and is in contact with Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and the Hawai‘i County Civil Defense Agency about eruptive hazards.
Please see the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park website for visitor information: https://www.nps.gov/havo/index.htm.
General Updates:
The power system that supplies power to the KWcam webcam, the F1cam thermal camera, and the laser rangefinder sustained damage during the high fountaining on March 26, 2025. Both cameras and the rangefinder are currently offline. Other HVO webcams are still functioning and online.
Hazards:
This episodic eruption is occurring within a closed area of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. High levels of volcanic gas—primarily water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)—are the primary hazard of concern, as this hazard can have far-reaching effects downwind. As SO2 is continuously released from the summit during an eruption, it will react in the atmosphere to create the visible haze known as vog (volcanic smog) downwind of Kīlauea. SO2 and vog may cause respiratory and other problems at high concentrations. Further information on vog can be found at https://vog.ivhhn.org/
Additional hazards include Pele's hair and other volcanic fragments from lava fountains. Pele's hair is strands of volcanic glass often produced by lava fountaining activity. Volcanic fragments can fall on the ground within a few hundred yards (meters) of the eruptive vent(s), or downwind of the vent(s). Strong winds may waft light particles, including Pele's hair, to greater distances downwind. Once they are on the ground, Pele's hair can sometimes cluster and tangle together, giving it the appearance of a tumbleweed. The extent of Pele's hair deposition is dependent on lava fountaining activity and current wind conditions. Residents and visitors should minimize exposure to Pele's hair and other volcanic fragments, which can cause skin and eye irritation. More information about how Pele's hair forms, its hazards, and what to do is available here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/news/volcano-watch-recent-lava-fountains-highlight-peles-hair-hazards. A Frequently Asked Questions document developed for the 2022 Mauna Loa eruption includes information about potential health effects of Pele's hair and is available here: https://vog.ivhhn.org/sites/default/files/FAQ_on_air_quality_and_health_during_Mauna_Loa_eruption_v1.6.pdf
Hawaiian lava flows generally advance slowly downslope, and during this eruption flows have been confined to Halemaʻumaʻu crater and the southwest side of Kaluapele, Kīlauea's summit caldera.
Other significant hazards also remain around Kīlauea caldera from Halemaʻumaʻu crater wall instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls that can be enhanced by earthquakes within the area closed to the public. This underscores the extremely hazardous nature of Kīlauea's caldera rim surrounding Halemaʻumaʻu crater, an area that has been closed to the public since late 2007.
For discussion of Kīlauea hazards, please see: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hawaiian-volcano-observatory/hazards.
More Information:
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawaiʻi and American Samoa.
Subscribe to these messages: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vns2/
Summary of volcanic hazards from eruptions: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hazards
Recent earthquakes in Hawaiʻi (map and list): https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo
Explanation of Volcano Alert Levels and Aviation Color Codes: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanic-alert-levels-characterize-conditions-us-volcanoes
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY STATUS REPORT
U.S. Geological Survey
Friday, May 2, 2025, 6:18 AM HST (Friday, May 2, 2025, 16:18 UTC)
Activity Summary:
The main fountaining of episode 19 of the ongoing Halemaʻumaʻu eruption, which began at about 9:28 p.m. HST on May 1, ended at 5:20 a.m. HST on May 2 after erupting from the north vent for just under 8 hours.
Episode 19 was preceded by over 9 hours of cycles of low dome fountaining and short overflows from the north vent followed immediately by lava draining back into the vent, which started at 11:49 a.m. HST on May 1. Sustained fountaining from the north vent only, began at 9:28 p.m. HST on May 1 and lasted for 7 hours and 52 minutes with maximum estimated heights at about 330 feet (100 meters). The eruption produced just under 4 million cubic yards (3 million cubic meters) of lava and the flows covered about half of the Halema'uma'u crater floor.
About 7 microradians of deflationary tilt were recorded at UWD during the main fountaining of episode 19, and the tiltmeter began recording inflation as soon as the lava was draining in the vent at 5:20 a.m. HST this morning. Seismic tremor began decreasing as the tilt switched and lava fountaining stopped, with weak tremor still being recorded as typical during eruptive pauses.
Each episode of Halemaʻumaʻu lava fountaining since December 23, 2024, has continued for 7 hours to 8 days and episodes have been separated by pauses in eruptive activity lasting less than 24 hours to 12 days.
No changes have been detected in the East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone. HVO continues to closely monitor Kīlauea and will issue an eruption update tomorrow morning unless there are significant changes before then.
Kīlauea Volcano Alert Level/Aviation Color Code remain at WATCH/ORANGE. All current and recent activity is within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.
Hazards:
This episodic eruption is occurring within a closed area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. High levels of volcanic gas—primarily water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)—are the primary hazard of concern, as this hazard can have far-reaching effects downwind. As SO2 is continuously released from the summit during an eruption, it will react in the atmosphere to create the visible haze known as vog (volcanic smog) downwind of Kīlauea. SO2 and vog may cause respiratory and other problems at high concentrations. Further information on vog can be found at https://vog.ivhhn.org/
Additional hazards include Pele's hair and other volcanic fragments from lava fountains. Pele's hair is strands of volcanic glass often produced by lava fountaining activity. Volcanic fragments can fall on the ground within a few hundred yards (meters) of the eruptive vent(s), or downwind of the vent(s). Strong winds may waft light particles, including Pele's hair, to greater distances downwind. Once they are on the ground, Pele's hair can sometimes cluster and tangle together, giving it the appearance of a tumbleweed. The extent of Pele's hair deposition is dependent on lava fountaining activity and current wind conditions. Residents and visitors should minimize exposure to Pele's hair and other volcanic fragments, which can cause skin and eye irritation. More information about how Pele's hair, its hazards, and what to do is available here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/news/volcano-watch-recent-lava-fountains-highlight-peles-hair-hazards. A Frequently Asked Questions document developed for the 2022 Mauna Loa eruption includes information about potential health effects of Pele's hair and is available here: https://vog.ivhhn.org/sites/default/files/FAQ_on_air_quality_and_health_during_Mauna_Loa_eruption_v1.6.pdf
Hawaiian lava flows generally advance slowly downslope, and during this eruption flows have been confined to Halemaʻumaʻu crater and the southwest side of Kaluapele, Kīlauea's summit caldera.
Other significant hazards also remain around Kīlauea caldera from Halemaʻumaʻu crater wall instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls that can be enhanced by earthquakes within the area closed to the public. This underscores the extremely hazardous nature of Kīlauea's caldera rim surrounding Halemaʻumaʻu crater, an area that has been closed to the public since late 2007.
For discussion of Kīlauea hazards, please see: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hawaiian-volcano-observatory/hazards.
More Information:
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawaiʻi and American Samoa.
Subscribe to these messages: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vns2/
Summary of volcanic hazards from eruptions: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hazards
Recent earthquakes in Hawaiʻi (map and list): https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo
Explanation of Volcano Alert Levels and Aviation Color Codes: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanic-alert-levels-characterize-conditions-us-volcanoes
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY STATUS REPORT
U.S. Geological Survey
Thursday, May 1, 2025, 10:32 PM HST (Friday, May 2, 2025, 08:32 UTC)
Activity Summary:
Episode 19 of the ongoing Halemaʻumaʻu eruption began at about 9:28 p.m. HST on May 1 with 200-300 foot (60-100 meter) high fountains from the north vent.
Episode 19 was preceded by 26 cycles of low dome fountaining and short overflows from the north vent followed immediately by lava draining back into the vent. Each cycle of fountaining lasted for about 10–15 minutes, separated by about 10 minutes of repose. These precursory fountaining cycles began at approximately 11:49 a.m. and increased in intensity around 6:45 p.m., less than 3 hours before sustained fountaining began. Fountains from the north vent are estimated to be about 330 feet (100 meters) high with multiple lava streams flooding the southwestern portion of the crater floor.
Inflationary tilt reached about 12 microradians since the end of the last episode. Seismic tremor began increasing and tilt at UWD switched from inflation to deflation at about 9:28 p.m. HST, about the same time fountain heights began to increase.
Each episode of Halemaʻumaʻu lava fountaining since December 23, 2024, has continued for 13 hours to 8 days and episodes have been separated by pauses in eruptive activity lasting less than 24 hours to 12 days.
No changes have been detected in the East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone. HVO continues to closely monitor Kīlauea and will issue an eruption update tomorrow morning unless there are significant changes before then.
Kīlauea Volcano Alert Level/Aviation Color Code remain at WATCH/ORANGE. All current and recent activity is within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.
Hazards:
This episodic eruption is occurring within a closed area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. High levels of volcanic gas—primarily water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)—are the primary hazard of concern, as this hazard can have far-reaching effects downwind. As SO2 is continuously released from the summit during an eruption, it will react in the atmosphere to create the visible haze known as vog (volcanic smog) downwind of Kīlauea. SO2 and vog may cause respiratory and other problems at high concentrations. Further information on vog can be found at https://vog.ivhhn.org/
Additional hazards include Pele's hair and other volcanic fragments from lava fountains. Pele's hair is strands of volcanic glass often produced by lava fountaining activity. Volcanic fragments can fall on the ground within a few hundred yards (meters) of the eruptive vent(s), or downwind of the vent(s). Strong winds may waft light particles, including Pele's hair, to greater distances downwind. Once they are on the ground, Pele's hair can sometimes cluster and tangle together, giving it the appearance of a tumbleweed. The extent of Pele's hair deposition is dependent on lava fountaining activity and current wind conditions. Residents and visitors should minimize exposure to Pele's hair and other volcanic fragments, which can cause skin and eye irritation. More information about how Pele's hair, its hazards, and what to do is available here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/news/volcano-watch-recent-lava-fountains-highlight-peles-hair-hazards. A Frequently Asked Questions document developed for the 2022 Mauna Loa eruption includes information about potential health effects of Pele's hair and is available here: https://vog.ivhhn.org/sites/default/files/FAQ_on_air_quality_and_health_during_Mauna_Loa_eruption_v1.6.pdf
Hawaiian lava flows generally advance slowly downslope, and during this eruption flows have been confined to Halemaʻumaʻu crater and the southwest side of Kaluapele, Kīlauea's summit caldera.
Other significant hazards also remain around Kīlauea caldera from Halemaʻumaʻu crater wall instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls that can be enhanced by earthquakes within the area closed to the public. This underscores the extremely hazardous nature of Kīlauea's caldera rim surrounding Halemaʻumaʻu crater, an area that has been closed to the public since late 2007.
For discussion of Kīlauea hazards, please see: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hawaiian-volcano-observatory/hazards.
More Information:
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawaiʻi and American Samoa.
Subscribe to these messages: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vns2/
Summary of volcanic hazards from eruptions: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hazards
Recent earthquakes in Hawaiʻi (map and list): https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo
Explanation of Volcano Alert Levels and Aviation Color Codes: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanic-alert-levels-characterize-conditions-us-volcanoes