ALASKA VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
U.S. Geological Survey
Thursday, June 4, 2026, 11:24 AM AKDT (Thursday, June 4, 2026, 19:24 UTC)
Slow eruption of lava continues. Minor seismicity detected over the past day. Satellite and web camera observations were obscured by clouds.
The current eruption began in July 2021 and, since then, lava flows have filled most of the summit crater and advanced into valleys below. There have been no explosions at Great Sitkin Volcano since an event in May 2021. The volcano is monitored using local seismic and infrasound sensors, satellite data, webcams, and regional infrasound and lightning networks.
To view monitoring data and other information about Great Sitkin Volcano: https://avo.alaska.edu/volcano/great-sitkin
The volcano was seismically quiet over the past day. No activity observed in satellite data.
There is no real-time geophysical monitoring network at Mount Kupreanof. The closest functioning seismometers are approximately 17 miles (27 km) to the east of the volcano as part of the Mount Veniaminof network. Mount Kupreanof is also monitored by satellite data, remote infrasound and lightning networks, and visual observations from pilots and mariners passing by the volcano.
To view monitoring data and other information about Mount Kupreanof: https://avo.alaska.edu/volcano/kupreanof
Unrest continues. Minor seismic activity and infrasound were detected at the volcano. Minor steaming observed in web camera images. No activity observed in satellite data.
Local seismic and infrasound sensors, web cameras, and a geodetic network are used to monitor Shishaldin Volcano. In addition to the local monitoring network, AVO uses nearby geophysical networks, regional infrasound and lightning data, and satellite images to detect eruptions.
To view monitoring data and other information about Shishaldin Volcano: https://avo.alaska.edu/volcano/shishaldin
Matt Haney, Scientist-in-Charge, USGS, mhaney@usgs.gov (907) 786-7497
David Fee, Coordinating Scientist, dfee1@alaska.edu UAFGI (907) 378-5460
Contact AVO: https://avo.alaska.edu/contact
The Alaska Volcano Observatory is a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys.
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY MONTHLY UPDATE
U.S. Geological Survey
Thursday, June 4, 2026, 9:56 AM HST (Thursday, June 4, 2026, 19:56 UTC)
No significant activity was detected at Ofu-Olosega volcano during the past month. The USGS National Earthquake Information Center reported no earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or greater in the vicinity of the volcano.
Background: The islands of Ofu and Olosega in the Manuʻa Islands of eastern American Samoa, with a combined length of 6 kilometers (3.7 miles), are separated by a narrow strait. The islands are formed by two eroded, coalescing basaltic shield volcanoes whose slopes dip to the east and west. The Nuʻutele tuff cone, forming a small crescent-shaped island immediately off the west end of Ofu, is of Holocene age (less than 11,650 years). A submarine eruption occurred in 1866, 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) southeast of Olosega, along the Samoan Ridge between Olosega and Taʻu Island. From: https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=244010.
More Information: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/ofu-olosega
No significant activity was detected at Taʻū volcano during the past month. The USGS National Earthquake Information Center reported no earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or greater in the vicinity of the volcano. A Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument on Taʻū Island recorded no significant deformation.
The FAGA broadband seismometer located on eastern Taʻū Island is currently out of service. The TAU broadband seismometer on western Taʻū Island remains operational.
Background: In the Manuʻa Islands of eastern American Samoa, Taʻū Island is the top of a shield volcano, most of which is beneath the ocean. The volcano has a summit caldera, though landslides have removed the southern part of the caldera. Two rift zones are present on Taʻū, one to the northeast and one to the northwest. The northwest rift zone aligns with the Samoan Ridge, a predominantly submarine feature that leads to the islands of Ofu and Olosega. This ridge was formed by volcanic activity associated with the Samoa hotspot, which is currently located at the Vailulu‘u seamount 40 kilometers (25 miles) east of Ta‘ū Island. A submarine eruption occurred in 1866 on the Samoan Ridge between Ta‘ū and Ofu-Olosega.
More Information: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/ta-u-island
No significant activity was detected at Tutuila volcano during the past month. The USGS National Earthquake Information Center reported no earthquakes of magnitude 2.5 or greater in the vicinity of the volcano.
Background: Tutuila Island is an elongated and eroded group of five Pliocene-to-Pleistocene-aged volcanoes constructed along two or three rifts trending south-southwest to north-northeast. The Leone Volcanics, in the southernmost part of the island, represent the youngest eruption deposits. Eruptions occurred during the Holocene (less than 11,650 years ago) along a 5-kilometer (3-mile) north-to-south trending fissure, forming a group of initially submarine tuff cones and subsequent subaerial cinder cones that produced fresh-looking pāhoehoe lava flows. An ash layer overlying a cultural deposit in the southwestern part of the island was radiocarbon dated at 440 ± 200 CE (Addison et al., 2006). From: https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=244020.
More Information: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/tutuila-island
Additional Resources
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawaiʻi and American Samoa.
Subscribe to these messages: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vns2/
Summary of volcanic hazards from eruptions: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hazards
Recent earthquakes in Hawaiʻi (map and list): https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo
Explanation of Volcano Alert Levels and Aviation Color Codes: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanic-alert-levels-characterize-conditions-us-volcanoes
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY MONTHLY UPDATE
U.S. Geological Survey
Thursday, June 4, 2026, 9:27 AM HST (Thursday, June 4, 2026, 19:27 UTC)
Mauna Loa had a slight increase in seismic activity compared to the previous month, with clustering of events under Mokuʻāweoweo and the upper Southwest Rift Zone still present. A total of 170 earthquakes were detected beneath Mauna Loa's summit region in the May reporting period, while April had 132 earthquakes. A magnitude-6 earthquake on May 22 was located deep beneath the west flank of Mauna Loa and beneath the Island of Hawaiʻi; it was not related to volcanic processes or magma movement, but rather due to bending of the Pacific Plate from the weight of the Hawaiian Islands.
Data from Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments on Mauna Loa show consistent rates of slow inflation at the summit over the past six months. This is associated with refilling of the summit reservoir system following the 2022 eruption.
Gas and temperature data from a station on Mauna Loa's Southwest Rift Zone indicate these values are at background levels, with little change relative to previous months.
HVO continues to closely monitor Mauna Loa and will issue another update in one month, or earlier, should conditions change significantly.
Background: Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano on our planet and covers half of the Island of Hawaiʻi. Eruptions tend to produce voluminous, fast-moving lava flows that can impact communities on the east and west sides of the island.
Mauna Loa eruptions typically start at the summit and, within minutes to months of eruption onset, can migrate into either the Northeast or Southwest Rift Zone, or radial vents on the northwest flank. Since its first well-documented eruption in 1843, the volcano has erupted 34 times with intervals between eruptions ranging from months to decades. Mauna Loa erupted most recently in 2022.
More Information:
No significant activity was detected at Hualālai volcano during the past month. Seismic activity remained low, and was representative of background activity levels at the volcano. A magnitude-4.6 earthquake on June 3 was located deep beneath the northwest flank of Hualālai and beneath the Island of Hawaiʻi; it was not related to volcanic processes or magma movement, but rather due to bending of the Pacific Plate from the weight of the Hawaiian Islands.
The continuously recording Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument on Hualālai remains offline since March 15, 2026. HVO field engineers will service the station within the next few months to get it back online.
Background: Hualālai is the third most active volcano on the Island of Hawaiʻi and typically erupts two to three times per 1,000 years. It last erupted in 1801 and, more recently, had a damaging seismic swarm in 1929 that was probably the result of a shallow intrusion of magma. The volcano is monitored by a continuous GPS instrument and seismometer located southeast of the summit, as well as several instruments on the nearby flanks of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea volcanoes. Key sites on Hualālai and western Mauna Loa are resurveyed using GPS receivers every few years to detect any changes in the volcano's shape.
More Information:
Hualālai volcano summary also available by phone: (808) 967-8877
Hualālai website: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/hualalai
No significant activity was detected at Haleakalā volcano during the past month. HVO seismometers recorded no earthquakes in the vicinity of the volcano. The continuously recording Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument on Haleakalā recorded no significant deformation in the past month.
Background: The most recent eruption on Haleakalā was probably between A.D. 1480 and 1600. The volcano is monitored by a continuous GPS instrument and seismometer located near the southwest edge of the summit crater. Key sites on Haleakalā are resurveyed using GPS receivers every few years to detect any changes in the volcano's shape.
More Information:
Haleakalā volcano summary also available by phone: (808) 967-8877
Haleakalā website: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/haleakala
Mauna Kea seismic activity has decreased and returned to long-term rates following a swarm in March, attributed to the underlying and inactive Kohala volcano. Continuous GPS instruments on Mauna Kea volcano did not record significant changes in ground deformation trends through April 2026.
Background: Mauna Kea is a shield volcano in the post-shield stage; it last erupted about 4,600 years ago. Monitoring is conducted by one GPS instrument and three seismometers on the volcano, plus instruments on adjacent Kohala volcano and denser geodetic and seismic networks on the north flank of Mauna Loa volcano to the south. With a summit at 4,207 meters (13,803 feet) above sea level, Mauna Kea is the tallest mountain in the State of Hawaii, and it is the tallest mountain on Earth when measured from its base on the ocean floor.
More Information:
Mauna Kea volcano summary also available by phone: (808) 967-8877
Mauna Kea website: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/mauna-kea
No significant activity was detected at Kamaʻehuakanaloa (formerly Lōʻihi Seamount) during the past month. Seismic activity remained low, and was representative of background activity levels at the volcano; all earthquakes were of small magnitudes.
Background: Intermittent earthquake activity has been recorded in the vicinity of Kamaʻehuakanaloa (formerly Lōʻihi Seamount) since as early as 1952. The most energetic earthquake sequence occurred in July–August 1996, which included more than 4,000 earthquakes, with nearly 300 events larger than M3.0 and 95 events in the M4.0 to 4.9 range. More recently, a swarm of 100 earthquakes occurred on May 11, 2020, with 18 events in the M3.0 to 3.9 range. There are no working monitoring instruments on Kamaʻehuakanaloa, whose peak is about 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) below sea level. All real-time information about the volcano is derived from land-based seismometers on the Island of Hawai‘i.
More Information:
Kamaʻehuakanaloa website: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kama'ehuakanaloa
Hawaiian Volcanoes at Elevated Alert Levels:
Kīlauea Volcano (YELLOW/ADVISORY) updates: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/volcano-updates
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawaiʻi and American Samoa.
Subscribe to these messages: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vns2/
Summary of volcanic hazards from eruptions: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hazards
Recent earthquakes in Hawaiʻi (map and list): https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo
Explanation of Volcano Alert Levels and Aviation Color Codes: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanic-alert-levels-characterize-conditions-us-volcanoes
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
U.S. Geological Survey
Thursday, June 4, 2026, 9:02 AM HST (Thursday, June 4, 2026, 19:02 UTC)
Overview:
The summit eruption of Kīlauea in Halemaʻumaʻu remains paused following 9 hours of lava fountaining during episode 48 on June 1, 2026. Tiltmeters around the summit of Kīlauea have measured inflation since the end of episode 48, indicating that an episode 49 is likely; forecast models indicate that the onset of fountaining episode 49 is 10-15 days from now. Glow was visible at the vents overnight and robust degassing plumes are visibly emanating from both vents in Halemaʻumaʻu during the day. A small lava flow was visible in the V3cam overnight, oozing out of the episode 48 lava flows.
No significant activity has been noted along Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone.
NOTE: Significant changes in activity between Daily Updates are posted here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/observatory-messages
Summit Observations:
Bright and continuous glow was visible from the south vent in Halemaʻumaʻu overnight, with intermittent glow visible from the north vent. Overnight views from the V3cam showed a small lava flow oozing out of the episode 48 lava flows in the southwest part of the crater between 11:30 p.m. on June 3 and 6:30 a.m. this morning, demonstrating how hot the interior of these lava flows can remain as they slowly cool following crust formation. Robust degassing plumes are visibly emanating from both vents in Halemaʻumaʻu during the day.
Earthquake activity on the south rim of Halemaʻumaʻu in the southern part of Kaluapele (Kīlauea caldera) has ceased compared June 1-2, during which approximately 50 earthquakes were recorded as episode 48 ended. Most earthquakes were at a depth of less than 0.9 miles (1.5 km) below the surface and magnitude 2 or less. Low-frequency seismic pulsing continues to be recorded in Kīlauea summit region, which is typical during the pauses between eruptive episodes and may be associated with gas-pistoning.
Kīlauea summit deflation totaled 17.1 microrads during episode 48. Once the episode ended, inflation resumed and has since recovered 6.2 microrads of tilt at the summit tiltmeter at Uēkahuna (UWD).
With the eruption now paused, the sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate from the summit is likely now varying within a typical range of 1,000 to 5,000 tonnes per day.
Rift Zone Observations:
Rates of seismicity and ground deformation remain low in the East Rift Zone and Southwest Rift Zone. SO2 emissions from the East Rift Zone remain below the detection limit.
Analysis:
The abrupt switch from deflation to inflation continued at the end of episode 48 and indicates that an episode 49 is likely. Forecast models based on Kīlauea summit region inflation rates suggest that the start of fountaining episode 49 is 10-15 days away.
Kīlauea has been erupting episodically since December 23, 2024, from two vents (north and south) in Halema‘uma‘u. Lava fountaining episodes, which generally last for less than 12 hours, are separated by pauses that can be longer than three weeks.
HVO continues to closely monitor Kīlauea and is in contact with Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and the Hawai‘i County Civil Defense Agency about eruptive hazards.
Please see the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park website for visitor information: https://www.nps.gov/havo/index.htm
Summary of episode 48:
A detailed account of episode 48 is given in the HVO Status Report Issued June 1: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans-public/notice/DOI-USGS-HVO-2026-06-02T00:33:02+00:00
Resources:
NOTE: HVO’s monitoring network is mostly recovered from recent power- and storm-related outages. Several summit stations, including the SDH tiltmeter, will remain offline until we are able to re-establish access across the deep tephra field southwest of the caldera.
The following links provide more information about the current eruption that began on December 23, 2024:
Hazards:
This episodic eruption is occurring within a closed area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park.
Other significant hazards exist around Kīlauea caldera from Halemaʻumaʻu crater wall instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls that can be enhanced by earthquakes. Close to the eruptive vents, the tephra material on the crater rim is prone to cracking, slumping, and small landslides that sometimes expose hot and molten material within. This underscores the extremely hazardous nature of Kīlauea's caldera rim surrounding Halemaʻumaʻu crater, an area that has been closed to the public since late 2007.
More Information:
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawaiʻi and American Samoa.
Subscribe to these messages: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vns2/
Summary of volcanic hazards from eruptions: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hazards
Recent earthquakes in Hawaiʻi (map and list): https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo
Explanation of Volcano Alert Levels and Aviation Color Codes: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanic-alert-levels-characterize-conditions-us-volcanoes
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
U.S. Geological Survey
Wednesday, June 3, 2026, 10:59 AM HST (Wednesday, June 3, 2026, 20:59 UTC)
Overview:
The summit eruption of Kīlauea in Halemaʻumaʻu remains paused following 9 hours of lava fountaining during episode 48 on June 1, 2026. Inflation measured by tiltmeters around the summit of Kīlauea resumed after episode 48 ended, indicating that an episode 49 is likely; preliminary forecast models indicate that the onset of fountaining episode 49 is 10-15 days from now. Glow was visible at the vents overnight and robust degassing plumes are visibly emanating from both vents in Halemaʻumaʻu during the day.
No significant activity has been noted along Kīlauea’s East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone.
NOTE: Significant changes in activity between Daily Updates are posted here: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/observatory-messages
Summit Observations:
Bright and continuous glow was visible from the south vent in Halemaʻumaʻu overnight, with intermittent glow visible from the north vent. The crater remains very steamy due to recent heavy rain. Robust degassing plumes are visibly emanating from both vents in Halemaʻumaʻu during the day.
Earthquake activity on the south rim of Halemaʻumaʻu in the southern part of Kaluapele (Kīlauea caldera) has ceased compared to the previous 24 hours, during which approximately 50 earthquakes were recorded as episode 48 ended. Most earthquakes were at a depth of less than 0.9 miles (1.5 km) below the surface and magnitude 2 or less. Low-frequency seismic pulsing continues to be recorded in Kīlauea summit region, which is typical during the pauses between eruptive episodes.
Kīlauea summit deflation totaled 17.1 microrads during episode 48. Once the episode ended, inflation resumed and has since recovered 4.9 microrads of tilt at the summit tiltmeter at Uēkahuna (UWD).
With the eruption now paused, the sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate from the summit is likely now varying within a typical range of 1,000 to 5,000 tonnes per day.
Rift Zone Observations:
Rates of seismicity and ground deformation remain low in the East Rift Zone and Southwest Rift Zone. SO2 emissions from the East Rift Zone remain below the detection limit.
Analysis:
The abrupt switch from deflation to inflation continued at the end of episode 48 and indicates that an episode 49 is likely. Several more days of inflationary tilt data are needed to create a robust forecast window, but preliminary estimates suggest another fountaining episode is at least 10-15 days away.
Kīlauea has been erupting episodically since December 23, 2024, from two vents (north and south) in Halema‘uma‘u. Lava fountaining episodes, which generally last for less than 12 hours, are separated by pauses that can be longer than three weeks.
HVO continues to closely monitor Kīlauea and is in contact with Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park and the Hawai‘i County Civil Defense Agency about eruptive hazards.
Please see the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park website for visitor information: https://www.nps.gov/havo/index.htm
Summary of episode 48:
A detailed account of episode 48 is given in the HVO Status Report Issued June 1: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hans-public/notice/DOI-USGS-HVO-2026-06-02T00:33:02+00:00
Resources:
NOTE: HVO’s monitoring network is mostly recovered from recent power- and storm-related outages. Several summit stations, including the SDH tiltmeter, will remain offline until we are able to re-establish access across the deep tephra field southwest of the caldera.
The following links provide more information about the current eruption that began on December 23, 2024:
Hazards:
This episodic eruption is occurring within a closed area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park.
Other significant hazards exist around Kīlauea caldera from Halemaʻumaʻu crater wall instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls that can be enhanced by earthquakes. Close to the eruptive vents, the tephra material on the crater rim is prone to cracking, slumping, and small landslides that sometimes expose hot and molten material within. This underscores the extremely hazardous nature of Kīlauea's caldera rim surrounding Halemaʻumaʻu crater, an area that has been closed to the public since late 2007.
More Information:
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is one of five volcano observatories within the U.S. Geological Survey and is responsible for monitoring volcanoes and earthquakes in Hawaiʻi and American Samoa.
Subscribe to these messages: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vns2/
Summary of volcanic hazards from eruptions: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hazards
Recent earthquakes in Hawaiʻi (map and list): https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo
Explanation of Volcano Alert Levels and Aviation Color Codes: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/volcanic-alert-levels-characterize-conditions-us-volcanoes