Aerial view SW along the south coast of Kilauea Volcano. Lava enters the ocean through lava tubes at the base of the two white plumes (the lava tubes are marked by the faint bluish gas escaping from skylights just to the right of the plumes). Heat from the molten lava boils and vaporizes seawater, leading to a series of chemical reactions and a vigorous steam plume. The plume contains a mixture of hydrochloric acid and concentrated seawater. During along-shore or on-shore winds, the plume produces acid rain (pH 1.5-2.5) that falls on people and land along the coast.